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Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective
Iodine deficiency remains a considerable challenge worldwide, even after decades of efforts to address the problem. The aim of this review is to present the current situation in historically iodine-deficient Pakistan regarding iodine nutritional status and place it in a global perspective. We collec...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5463024/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28215480 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.04.003 |
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author | Khattak, Rehman Mehmood Khattak, Muhammad Nasir Khan Ittermann, Till Völzke, Henry |
author_facet | Khattak, Rehman Mehmood Khattak, Muhammad Nasir Khan Ittermann, Till Völzke, Henry |
author_sort | Khattak, Rehman Mehmood |
collection | PubMed |
description | Iodine deficiency remains a considerable challenge worldwide, even after decades of efforts to address the problem. The aim of this review is to present the current situation in historically iodine-deficient Pakistan regarding iodine nutritional status and place it in a global perspective. We collected relevant articles from online bibliographic databases and websites of concerned organizations that addressed prevalence of goiter/iodine deficiency and barriers to sustainable control. We divided the studies into pre- and post-1994, a landmark year when Pakistan formally adopted the universal salt iodization (USI) programme. Overall, 56 studies reported goiter/iodine deficiency prevalence in Pakistan. Before 1994, six studies (30%) reported a goiter prevalence ≥70%, while nine studies (45%) reported a goiter prevalence between 30% and 70%. Only five studies (25%) found a goiter prevalence less than 30%, of which only two studies reported prevalence <10%. From 1994 onwards, 15 studies (41.7%) reported a goiter/iodine deficiency (ID) prevalence ≥50%, of which seven studies reported prevalence ≥70%, while three studies (8.3%) found a goiter prevalence of 30%–49%, nine studies (25%) found a goiter prevalence of 10%–29%, and five studies (13.9%) reported prevalence of <10%. Four studies (11.1%) reported lower goiter prevalence but higher prevalence of iodine deficiency. The efforts in the past two decades resulted in up to a 50% decline in iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Variable remaining factors and the recent results, however, indicate that this decline may be non-uniform and even over-estimated. Coordinated and regionally adopted efforts for eradication of IDD from all stakeholders should be pursued. Policy makers should take steps to protect future generations and alert concerned organizations about the importance of careful assessments and estimates of iodine nutritional status. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5463024 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54630242017-06-16 Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective Khattak, Rehman Mehmood Khattak, Muhammad Nasir Khan Ittermann, Till Völzke, Henry J Epidemiol Review Article Iodine deficiency remains a considerable challenge worldwide, even after decades of efforts to address the problem. The aim of this review is to present the current situation in historically iodine-deficient Pakistan regarding iodine nutritional status and place it in a global perspective. We collected relevant articles from online bibliographic databases and websites of concerned organizations that addressed prevalence of goiter/iodine deficiency and barriers to sustainable control. We divided the studies into pre- and post-1994, a landmark year when Pakistan formally adopted the universal salt iodization (USI) programme. Overall, 56 studies reported goiter/iodine deficiency prevalence in Pakistan. Before 1994, six studies (30%) reported a goiter prevalence ≥70%, while nine studies (45%) reported a goiter prevalence between 30% and 70%. Only five studies (25%) found a goiter prevalence less than 30%, of which only two studies reported prevalence <10%. From 1994 onwards, 15 studies (41.7%) reported a goiter/iodine deficiency (ID) prevalence ≥50%, of which seven studies reported prevalence ≥70%, while three studies (8.3%) found a goiter prevalence of 30%–49%, nine studies (25%) found a goiter prevalence of 10%–29%, and five studies (13.9%) reported prevalence of <10%. Four studies (11.1%) reported lower goiter prevalence but higher prevalence of iodine deficiency. The efforts in the past two decades resulted in up to a 50% decline in iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Variable remaining factors and the recent results, however, indicate that this decline may be non-uniform and even over-estimated. Coordinated and regionally adopted efforts for eradication of IDD from all stakeholders should be pursued. Policy makers should take steps to protect future generations and alert concerned organizations about the importance of careful assessments and estimates of iodine nutritional status. Elsevier 2017-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC5463024/ /pubmed/28215480 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.04.003 Text en © 2016 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Article Khattak, Rehman Mehmood Khattak, Muhammad Nasir Khan Ittermann, Till Völzke, Henry Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective |
title | Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective |
title_full | Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective |
title_fullStr | Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective |
title_short | Factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in Pakistan: A global perspective |
title_sort | factors affecting sustainable iodine deficiency elimination in pakistan: a global perspective |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5463024/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28215480 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.je.2016.04.003 |
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