Zebrafish as an animal model in epilepsy studies with multichannel EEG recordings

Despite recent interest in using zebrafish in human disease studies, sparked by their economics, fecundity, easy handling, and homologies to humans, the electrophysiological tools or methods for zebrafish are still inaccessible. Although zebrafish exhibit more significant larval–adult duality than any other animal, most electrophysiological studies using zebrafish are biased by using larvae these days. The results of larval studies not only differ from those conducted with adults but also are unable to delicately manage electroencephalographic montages due to their small size. Hence, we enabled non-invasive long-term multichannel electroencephalographic recording on adult zebrafish using custom-designed electrodes and perfusion system. First, we exploited demonstration of long-term recording on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure models, and the results were quantified. Second, we studied skin–electrode impedance, which is crucial to the quality of signals. Then, seizure propagations and gender differences in adult zebrafish were exhibited for the first time. Our results provide a new pathway for future neuroscience research using zebrafish by overcoming the challenges for aquatic organisms such as precision, serviceability, and continuous water seepage.