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Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury
BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health issue. As the major complaint in 51% of TBI patients, chronic pain is an important aspect in TBI treatment. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an important compound in Ligustrazine, an analgesic drug in traditional Chinese medicine, but its poten...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5465454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28603455 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12950-017-0161-8 |
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author | Wang, Zhijing Wang, Qi Wang, Cuijie Xu, Xiuzhen Yu, Hongmei |
author_facet | Wang, Zhijing Wang, Qi Wang, Cuijie Xu, Xiuzhen Yu, Hongmei |
author_sort | Wang, Zhijing |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health issue. As the major complaint in 51% of TBI patients, chronic pain is an important aspect in TBI treatment. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an important compound in Ligustrazine, an analgesic drug in traditional Chinese medicine, but its potential in relieving pain symptom in TBI has not been tested. We established a TBI mouse model with controlled cortical impact (CCI), and measured periorbital hypersensitivity with von Frey monofilaments. We examined activated microglia and astrocytes and the levels of substance P (SP) and inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with immunohistochemistry, measured mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines with qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Western blot was employed to detect molecules in NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS: TMP significantly attenuated periorbital hypersensitivity in TBI mice. Within 3 days after CCI, TMP attenuated activation of microglia and astrocytes, levels of SP, iNOS, and CGRP in trigeminal pathway, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12). In isolated microglia, TMP attenuated the effects of lipopolysaccharide on the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IKKα/β and IKB-α, and levels of nucleic p65. CONCLUSION: TMP reversed periorbital hypersensitivity by limiting neuroinflammation at the primary stage of TBI, and could be a promising drug for pain treatment in TBI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5465454 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54654542017-06-09 Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury Wang, Zhijing Wang, Qi Wang, Cuijie Xu, Xiuzhen Yu, Hongmei J Inflamm (Lond) Research BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health issue. As the major complaint in 51% of TBI patients, chronic pain is an important aspect in TBI treatment. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an important compound in Ligustrazine, an analgesic drug in traditional Chinese medicine, but its potential in relieving pain symptom in TBI has not been tested. We established a TBI mouse model with controlled cortical impact (CCI), and measured periorbital hypersensitivity with von Frey monofilaments. We examined activated microglia and astrocytes and the levels of substance P (SP) and inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with immunohistochemistry, measured mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines with qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Western blot was employed to detect molecules in NF-κB signaling pathway. RESULTS: TMP significantly attenuated periorbital hypersensitivity in TBI mice. Within 3 days after CCI, TMP attenuated activation of microglia and astrocytes, levels of SP, iNOS, and CGRP in trigeminal pathway, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12). In isolated microglia, TMP attenuated the effects of lipopolysaccharide on the phosphorylation of cytoplasmic IKKα/β and IKB-α, and levels of nucleic p65. CONCLUSION: TMP reversed periorbital hypersensitivity by limiting neuroinflammation at the primary stage of TBI, and could be a promising drug for pain treatment in TBI. BioMed Central 2017-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5465454/ /pubmed/28603455 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12950-017-0161-8 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Wang, Zhijing Wang, Qi Wang, Cuijie Xu, Xiuzhen Yu, Hongmei Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury |
title | Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury |
title_full | Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury |
title_fullStr | Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury |
title_short | Tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury |
title_sort | tetramethylpyrazine attenuates periorbital allodynia and neuroinflammation in a model of traumatic brain injury |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5465454/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28603455 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12950-017-0161-8 |
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