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Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae

Aggregations are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet the underlying proximate and ultimate causes are still largely unknown. An ideal system to investigate this simple, social behavior is the pine sawfly genus Neodiprion, which is experimentally tractable and exhibits interspecific variation i...

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Autores principales: Terbot, John W., Gaynor, Ryan L., Linnen, Catherine R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5468130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28616166
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2952
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author Terbot, John W.
Gaynor, Ryan L.
Linnen, Catherine R.
author_facet Terbot, John W.
Gaynor, Ryan L.
Linnen, Catherine R.
author_sort Terbot, John W.
collection PubMed
description Aggregations are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet the underlying proximate and ultimate causes are still largely unknown. An ideal system to investigate this simple, social behavior is the pine sawfly genus Neodiprion, which is experimentally tractable and exhibits interspecific variation in larval gregariousness. To assess intraspecific variation in this trait, we characterized aggregative tendency within a single widespread species, the redheaded pine sawfly (N. lecontei). To do so, we developed a quantitative assay in which we measured interindividual distances over a 90‐min video. This assay revealed minimal behavioral differences: (1) between early‐feeding and late‐feeding larval instars, (2) among larvae derived from different latitudes, and (3) between groups composed of kin and those composed of nonkin. Together, these results suggest that, during the larval feeding period, the benefits individuals derive from aggregating outweigh the costs and that this cost‐to‐benefit ratio does not vary dramatically across space (geography) or ontogeny (developmental stage). In contrast to the feeding larvae, our assay revealed a striking reduction in gregariousness following the final larval molt in N. lecontei. We also found some intriguing interspecific variation: While N. lecontei and N. maurus feeding larvae exhibit significant aggregative tendencies, feeding N. compar larvae do not aggregate at all. These results set the stage for future work investigating the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying developmental and interspecific variation in larval gregariousness across Neodiprion.
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spelling pubmed-54681302017-06-14 Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae Terbot, John W. Gaynor, Ryan L. Linnen, Catherine R. Ecol Evol Original Research Aggregations are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet the underlying proximate and ultimate causes are still largely unknown. An ideal system to investigate this simple, social behavior is the pine sawfly genus Neodiprion, which is experimentally tractable and exhibits interspecific variation in larval gregariousness. To assess intraspecific variation in this trait, we characterized aggregative tendency within a single widespread species, the redheaded pine sawfly (N. lecontei). To do so, we developed a quantitative assay in which we measured interindividual distances over a 90‐min video. This assay revealed minimal behavioral differences: (1) between early‐feeding and late‐feeding larval instars, (2) among larvae derived from different latitudes, and (3) between groups composed of kin and those composed of nonkin. Together, these results suggest that, during the larval feeding period, the benefits individuals derive from aggregating outweigh the costs and that this cost‐to‐benefit ratio does not vary dramatically across space (geography) or ontogeny (developmental stage). In contrast to the feeding larvae, our assay revealed a striking reduction in gregariousness following the final larval molt in N. lecontei. We also found some intriguing interspecific variation: While N. lecontei and N. maurus feeding larvae exhibit significant aggregative tendencies, feeding N. compar larvae do not aggregate at all. These results set the stage for future work investigating the proximate and ultimate mechanisms underlying developmental and interspecific variation in larval gregariousness across Neodiprion. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC5468130/ /pubmed/28616166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2952 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Terbot, John W.
Gaynor, Ryan L.
Linnen, Catherine R.
Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
title Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
title_full Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
title_fullStr Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
title_full_unstemmed Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
title_short Gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
title_sort gregariousness does not vary with geography, developmental stage, or group relatedness in feeding redheaded pine sawfly larvae
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5468130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28616166
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2952
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