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Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk
Tracking and preventing the spillover of disease from wildlife to livestock can be difficult when rare outbreaks occur across large landscapes. In these cases, broad scale ecological studies could help identify risk factors and patterns of risk to inform management and reduce incidence of disease. B...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5469469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28609437 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178780 |
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author | Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Portacci, Katie Scurlock, Brandon M. Edwards, William H. |
author_facet | Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Portacci, Katie Scurlock, Brandon M. Edwards, William H. |
author_sort | Brennan, Angela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tracking and preventing the spillover of disease from wildlife to livestock can be difficult when rare outbreaks occur across large landscapes. In these cases, broad scale ecological studies could help identify risk factors and patterns of risk to inform management and reduce incidence of disease. Between 2002 and 2014, 21 livestock herds in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) were affected by brucellosis, a bacterial disease caused by Brucella abortus, while no affected herds were detected between 1990 and 2001. Using a Bayesian analysis, we examined several ecological covariates that may be associated with affected livestock herds across the region. We showed that livestock risk has been increasing over time and expanding outward from the historical nexus of brucellosis in wild elk on Wyoming’s feeding grounds where elk are supplementally fed during the winter. Although elk were the presumed source of cattle infections, occurrences of affected livestock herds were only weakly associated with the density of seropositive elk across the GYA. However, the shift in livestock risk did coincide with recent increases in brucellosis seroprevalence in unfed elk populations. As increasing brucellosis in unfed elk likely stemmed from high levels of the disease in fed elk, disease-related costs of feeding elk have probably been incurred across the entire GYA, rather than solely around the feeding grounds. Our results suggest that focused disease mitigation in areas where seroprevalence in unfed elk is high could reduce the spillover of brucellosis to livestock. We also highlight the need to better understand the epidemiology of spillover events with detailed histories of disease testing, calving, and movement of infected livestock. Finally, we recommend using case-control studies to investigate local factors important to livestock risk. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5469469 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54694692017-07-03 Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Portacci, Katie Scurlock, Brandon M. Edwards, William H. PLoS One Research Article Tracking and preventing the spillover of disease from wildlife to livestock can be difficult when rare outbreaks occur across large landscapes. In these cases, broad scale ecological studies could help identify risk factors and patterns of risk to inform management and reduce incidence of disease. Between 2002 and 2014, 21 livestock herds in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) were affected by brucellosis, a bacterial disease caused by Brucella abortus, while no affected herds were detected between 1990 and 2001. Using a Bayesian analysis, we examined several ecological covariates that may be associated with affected livestock herds across the region. We showed that livestock risk has been increasing over time and expanding outward from the historical nexus of brucellosis in wild elk on Wyoming’s feeding grounds where elk are supplementally fed during the winter. Although elk were the presumed source of cattle infections, occurrences of affected livestock herds were only weakly associated with the density of seropositive elk across the GYA. However, the shift in livestock risk did coincide with recent increases in brucellosis seroprevalence in unfed elk populations. As increasing brucellosis in unfed elk likely stemmed from high levels of the disease in fed elk, disease-related costs of feeding elk have probably been incurred across the entire GYA, rather than solely around the feeding grounds. Our results suggest that focused disease mitigation in areas where seroprevalence in unfed elk is high could reduce the spillover of brucellosis to livestock. We also highlight the need to better understand the epidemiology of spillover events with detailed histories of disease testing, calving, and movement of infected livestock. Finally, we recommend using case-control studies to investigate local factors important to livestock risk. Public Library of Science 2017-06-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5469469/ /pubmed/28609437 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178780 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Brennan, Angela Cross, Paul C. Portacci, Katie Scurlock, Brandon M. Edwards, William H. Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk |
title | Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk |
title_full | Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk |
title_fullStr | Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk |
title_full_unstemmed | Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk |
title_short | Shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk |
title_sort | shifting brucellosis risk in livestock coincides with spreading seroprevalence in elk |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5469469/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28609437 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178780 |
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