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Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

Aging of the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of AD and especially PD are not well understood. However, neuro...

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Autor principal: Spittau, Björn
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5469878/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28659790
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00194
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author Spittau, Björn
author_facet Spittau, Björn
author_sort Spittau, Björn
collection PubMed
description Aging of the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of AD and especially PD are not well understood. However, neuroinflammatory responses mediated by microglia as the resident immune cells of the CNS have been reported for both diseases. The unique nature and developmental origin of microglia causing microglial self-renewal and telomere shortening led to the hypothesis that these CNS-specific innate immune cells become senescent. Age-dependent and senescence-driven impairments of microglia functions and responses have been suggested to play essential roles during onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This review article summarizes the current knowledge of microglia phenotypes and functions in the aging CNS and further discusses the implications of these age-dependent microglia changes for the development and progression of AD and PD as the most common neurodegenerative diseases.
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spelling pubmed-54698782017-06-28 Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases Spittau, Björn Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Aging of the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of AD and especially PD are not well understood. However, neuroinflammatory responses mediated by microglia as the resident immune cells of the CNS have been reported for both diseases. The unique nature and developmental origin of microglia causing microglial self-renewal and telomere shortening led to the hypothesis that these CNS-specific innate immune cells become senescent. Age-dependent and senescence-driven impairments of microglia functions and responses have been suggested to play essential roles during onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This review article summarizes the current knowledge of microglia phenotypes and functions in the aging CNS and further discusses the implications of these age-dependent microglia changes for the development and progression of AD and PD as the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5469878/ /pubmed/28659790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00194 Text en Copyright © 2017 Spittau. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Spittau, Björn
Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
title Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_fullStr Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_short Aging Microglia—Phenotypes, Functions and Implications for Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_sort aging microglia—phenotypes, functions and implications for age-related neurodegenerative diseases
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5469878/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28659790
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00194
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