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Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity

Impulsivity refers to a tendency to act rapidly without full consideration of consequences. The trait is thought to result from the interaction between high arousal responses to potential rewards and poor self-control. Studies have suggested that impulsivity confers vulnerability to both addiction a...

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Autores principales: Michaud, Andréanne, Vainik, Uku, Garcia-Garcia, Isabel, Dagher, Alain
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5469912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28659866
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00127
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author Michaud, Andréanne
Vainik, Uku
Garcia-Garcia, Isabel
Dagher, Alain
author_facet Michaud, Andréanne
Vainik, Uku
Garcia-Garcia, Isabel
Dagher, Alain
author_sort Michaud, Andréanne
collection PubMed
description Impulsivity refers to a tendency to act rapidly without full consideration of consequences. The trait is thought to result from the interaction between high arousal responses to potential rewards and poor self-control. Studies have suggested that impulsivity confers vulnerability to both addiction and obesity. However, results in this area are unclear, perhaps due to the high phenotypic complexity of addictions and obesity. Focusing on impulsivity, the aim of this review is to tackle the putative overlaps between addiction and obesity in four domains: (1) personality research, (2) neurocognitive tasks, (3) brain imaging, and (4) clinical evidence. We suggest that three impulsivity-related domains are particularly relevant for our understanding of similarities between addiction and obesity: lower self-control (high Disinhibition/low Conscientiousness), reward sensitivity (high Extraversion/Positive Emotionality), and negative affect (high Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality). Neurocognitive studies have shown that obesity and addiction are both associated with increased impulsive decision-making and attention bias in response to drug or food cues, respectively. Mirroring this, obesity and different forms of addiction seem to exhibit similar alterations in functional MRI brain activity in response to reward processing and during self-control tasks. Overall, our review provides an integrative approach to understand those facets of obesity that present similarities to addictive behaviors. In addition, we suggest that therapeutic interventions targeting inhibitory control may represent a promising approach for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity.
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spelling pubmed-54699122017-06-28 Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity Michaud, Andréanne Vainik, Uku Garcia-Garcia, Isabel Dagher, Alain Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Impulsivity refers to a tendency to act rapidly without full consideration of consequences. The trait is thought to result from the interaction between high arousal responses to potential rewards and poor self-control. Studies have suggested that impulsivity confers vulnerability to both addiction and obesity. However, results in this area are unclear, perhaps due to the high phenotypic complexity of addictions and obesity. Focusing on impulsivity, the aim of this review is to tackle the putative overlaps between addiction and obesity in four domains: (1) personality research, (2) neurocognitive tasks, (3) brain imaging, and (4) clinical evidence. We suggest that three impulsivity-related domains are particularly relevant for our understanding of similarities between addiction and obesity: lower self-control (high Disinhibition/low Conscientiousness), reward sensitivity (high Extraversion/Positive Emotionality), and negative affect (high Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality). Neurocognitive studies have shown that obesity and addiction are both associated with increased impulsive decision-making and attention bias in response to drug or food cues, respectively. Mirroring this, obesity and different forms of addiction seem to exhibit similar alterations in functional MRI brain activity in response to reward processing and during self-control tasks. Overall, our review provides an integrative approach to understand those facets of obesity that present similarities to addictive behaviors. In addition, we suggest that therapeutic interventions targeting inhibitory control may represent a promising approach for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5469912/ /pubmed/28659866 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00127 Text en Copyright © 2017 Michaud, Vainik, Garcia-Garcia and Dagher. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Michaud, Andréanne
Vainik, Uku
Garcia-Garcia, Isabel
Dagher, Alain
Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity
title Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity
title_full Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity
title_fullStr Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity
title_full_unstemmed Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity
title_short Overlapping Neural Endophenotypes in Addiction and Obesity
title_sort overlapping neural endophenotypes in addiction and obesity
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5469912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28659866
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00127
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