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An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization
Archaeological evidence shows that, in the long run, Neolitization (the transition from foraging to food production) was associated with demographic growth. We used two methods (patterns of linkage disequilibrium from whole-genome SNPs and MSMC estimates on genomes) to reconstruct the demographic pr...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28615641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03717-6 |
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author | Leonardi, Michela Barbujani, Guido Manica, Andrea |
author_facet | Leonardi, Michela Barbujani, Guido Manica, Andrea |
author_sort | Leonardi, Michela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Archaeological evidence shows that, in the long run, Neolitization (the transition from foraging to food production) was associated with demographic growth. We used two methods (patterns of linkage disequilibrium from whole-genome SNPs and MSMC estimates on genomes) to reconstruct the demographic profiles for respectively 64 and 24 modern-day populations with contrasting lifestyles across the Old World (sub-Saharan Africa, south-eastern Asia, Siberia). Surprisingly, in all regions, food producers had larger effective population sizes (N(e)) than foragers already 20 k years ago, well before the Neolithic revolution. As expected, this difference further increased ~12–10 k years ago, around or just before the onset of food production. Using paleoclimate reconstructions, we show that the early difference in N(e) cannot be explained by food producers inhabiting more favorable regions. A number of mechanisms, including ancestral differences in census size, sedentism, exploitation of the natural resources, social stratification or connectivity between groups, might have led to the early differences in Ne detected in our analyses. Irrespective of the specific mechanisms involved, our results provide further evidence that long term cultural differences among populations of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers are likely to have played an important role in the later Neolithization process. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5471218 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54712182017-06-19 An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization Leonardi, Michela Barbujani, Guido Manica, Andrea Sci Rep Article Archaeological evidence shows that, in the long run, Neolitization (the transition from foraging to food production) was associated with demographic growth. We used two methods (patterns of linkage disequilibrium from whole-genome SNPs and MSMC estimates on genomes) to reconstruct the demographic profiles for respectively 64 and 24 modern-day populations with contrasting lifestyles across the Old World (sub-Saharan Africa, south-eastern Asia, Siberia). Surprisingly, in all regions, food producers had larger effective population sizes (N(e)) than foragers already 20 k years ago, well before the Neolithic revolution. As expected, this difference further increased ~12–10 k years ago, around or just before the onset of food production. Using paleoclimate reconstructions, we show that the early difference in N(e) cannot be explained by food producers inhabiting more favorable regions. A number of mechanisms, including ancestral differences in census size, sedentism, exploitation of the natural resources, social stratification or connectivity between groups, might have led to the early differences in Ne detected in our analyses. Irrespective of the specific mechanisms involved, our results provide further evidence that long term cultural differences among populations of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers are likely to have played an important role in the later Neolithization process. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5471218/ /pubmed/28615641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03717-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Leonardi, Michela Barbujani, Guido Manica, Andrea An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization |
title | An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization |
title_full | An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization |
title_fullStr | An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization |
title_full_unstemmed | An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization |
title_short | An earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to Neolithization |
title_sort | earlier revolution: genetic and genomic analyses reveal pre-existing cultural differences leading to neolithization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471218/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28615641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03717-6 |
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