Statins are related to impaired exercise capacity in males but not females

BACKGROUND: Exercise and statins reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise capacity may be assessed using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Whether statin medication is associated with CPET parameters is unclear. We investigated if statins are related with exercise capacity during CPET in the general population. METHODS: Cross-sectional data of two independent cohorts of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were merged (n = 3,500; 50% males). Oxygen consumption (VO(2)) at peak exercise (VO(2)peak) and anaerobic threshold (VO(2)@AT) was assessed during symptom-limited CPET. Two linear regression models related VO(2)peak with statin usage were calculated. Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, previous myocardial infarction, and physical inactivity and model 2 additionally for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Propensity score matching was used for validation. RESULTS: Statin usage was associated with lower VO(2)peak (no statin: 2336; 95%-confidence interval [CI]: 2287–2,385 vs. statin 2090; 95%-CI: 2,031–2149 ml/min; P < .0001) and VO(2)@AT (no statin: 1,172; 95%-CI: 1,142–1,202 vs. statin: 1,111; 95%-CI: 1,075–1,147 ml/min; P = .0061) in males but not females (VO(2)peak: no statin: 1,467; 95%-CI: 1,417–1,517 vs. statin: 1,503; 95%-CI: 1,426–1,579 ml/min; P = 1.00 and VO(2)@AT: no statin: 854; 95%-CI: 824–885 vs. statin 864; 95%-CI: 817–911 ml/min; P = 1.00). Model 2 revealed similar results. Propensity scores analysis confirmed the results. CONCLUSION: In the general population present statin medication was related with impaired exercise capacity in males but not females. Sex specific effects of statins on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity deserve further research.