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Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best‐known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28432755 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12178 |
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author | Boengler, Kerstin Kosiol, Maik Mayr, Manuel Schulz, Rainer Rohrbach, Susanne |
author_facet | Boengler, Kerstin Kosiol, Maik Mayr, Manuel Schulz, Rainer Rohrbach, Susanne |
author_sort | Boengler, Kerstin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best‐known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical theory, which proposes that cells, organs, and organisms age because they accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage over time. Mitochondria play a central role as the principle source of intracellular ROS, which are mainly formed at the level of complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Dysfunctional mitochondria generating less ATP have been observed in various aged organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises different features including reduced mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced activity of the complexes of the electron transport chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and increased ROS formation. Furthermore, abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence. Among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high‐energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content. Therefore, the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle. In this article, we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function. Finally, novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5476857 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54768572017-06-23 Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue Boengler, Kerstin Kosiol, Maik Mayr, Manuel Schulz, Rainer Rohrbach, Susanne J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle Review Age is the most important risk factor for most diseases. Mitochondria play a central role in bioenergetics and metabolism. In addition, several lines of evidence indicate the impact of mitochondria in lifespan determination and ageing. The best‐known hypothesis to explain ageing is the free radical theory, which proposes that cells, organs, and organisms age because they accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage over time. Mitochondria play a central role as the principle source of intracellular ROS, which are mainly formed at the level of complex I and III of the respiratory chain. Dysfunctional mitochondria generating less ATP have been observed in various aged organs. Mitochondrial dysfunction comprises different features including reduced mitochondrial content, altered mitochondrial morphology, reduced activity of the complexes of the electron transport chain, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and increased ROS formation. Furthermore, abnormalities in mitochondrial quality control or defects in mitochondrial dynamics have also been linked to senescence. Among the tissues affected by mitochondrial dysfunction are those with a high‐energy demand and thus high mitochondrial content. Therefore, the present review focuses on the impact of mitochondria in the ageing process of heart and skeletal muscle. In this article, we review different aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to improve mitochondrial function. Finally, novel aspects of adipose tissue biology and their involvement in the ageing process are discussed. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-04-21 2017-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5476857/ /pubmed/28432755 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12178 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Review Boengler, Kerstin Kosiol, Maik Mayr, Manuel Schulz, Rainer Rohrbach, Susanne Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
title | Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
title_full | Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
title_fullStr | Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
title_short | Mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
title_sort | mitochondria and ageing: role in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5476857/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28432755 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12178 |
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