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Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source

BACKGROUND: Cells constantly adapt to changes in their environment. When environment shifts between conditions that were previously encountered during the course of evolution, evolutionary-programmed responses are possible. Cells, however, may also encounter a new environment to which a novel respon...

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Autores principales: Tamari, Zvi, Yona, Avihu H., Pilpel, Yitzhak, Barkai, Naama
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552923
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-3010-x
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author Tamari, Zvi
Yona, Avihu H.
Pilpel, Yitzhak
Barkai, Naama
author_facet Tamari, Zvi
Yona, Avihu H.
Pilpel, Yitzhak
Barkai, Naama
author_sort Tamari, Zvi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cells constantly adapt to changes in their environment. When environment shifts between conditions that were previously encountered during the course of evolution, evolutionary-programmed responses are possible. Cells, however, may also encounter a new environment to which a novel response is required. To characterize the first steps in adaptation to a novel condition, we studied budding yeast growth on xylulose, a sugar that is very rarely found in the wild. RESULTS: We previously reported that growth on xylulose induces the expression of amino acid biosynthesis genes in multiple natural yeast isolates. This induction occurs despite the presence of amino acids in the growth medium and is a unique response to xylulose, not triggered by naturally available carbon sources. Propagating these strains for ~300 generations on xylulose significantly improved their growth rate. Notably, the most significant change in gene expression was the loss of amino acid biosynthesis gene induction. Furthermore, the reduction in amino-acid biosynthesis gene expression on xylulose was tightly correlated with the improvement in growth rate, suggesting that internal depletion of amino-acids presented a major bottleneck limiting growth in xylulose. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the possible implications of our results for explaining how cells maintain the balance between supply and demand of amino acids during growth in evolutionary ‘familiar’ vs. ‘novel’ conditions. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3010-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-54777732017-06-23 Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source Tamari, Zvi Yona, Avihu H. Pilpel, Yitzhak Barkai, Naama BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: Cells constantly adapt to changes in their environment. When environment shifts between conditions that were previously encountered during the course of evolution, evolutionary-programmed responses are possible. Cells, however, may also encounter a new environment to which a novel response is required. To characterize the first steps in adaptation to a novel condition, we studied budding yeast growth on xylulose, a sugar that is very rarely found in the wild. RESULTS: We previously reported that growth on xylulose induces the expression of amino acid biosynthesis genes in multiple natural yeast isolates. This induction occurs despite the presence of amino acids in the growth medium and is a unique response to xylulose, not triggered by naturally available carbon sources. Propagating these strains for ~300 generations on xylulose significantly improved their growth rate. Notably, the most significant change in gene expression was the loss of amino acid biosynthesis gene induction. Furthermore, the reduction in amino-acid biosynthesis gene expression on xylulose was tightly correlated with the improvement in growth rate, suggesting that internal depletion of amino-acids presented a major bottleneck limiting growth in xylulose. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the possible implications of our results for explaining how cells maintain the balance between supply and demand of amino acids during growth in evolutionary ‘familiar’ vs. ‘novel’ conditions. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3010-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5477773/ /pubmed/27552923 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-3010-x Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Tamari, Zvi
Yona, Avihu H.
Pilpel, Yitzhak
Barkai, Naama
Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source
title Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source
title_full Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source
title_fullStr Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source
title_full_unstemmed Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source
title_short Rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source
title_sort rapid evolutionary adaptation to growth on an ‘unfamiliar’ carbon source
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5477773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552923
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-3010-x
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