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Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter?

This study examined the trajectories of emotional states and their within-person synergies with perceived stress and recovery during a 4-month training period preceding the French swimming championships. A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis approach was used with 16 high level swimmers. Five waves of...

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Autores principales: Vacher, Philippe, Nicolas, Michel, Martinent, Guillaume, Mourot, Laurent
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5481396/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28690573
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01043
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author Vacher, Philippe
Nicolas, Michel
Martinent, Guillaume
Mourot, Laurent
author_facet Vacher, Philippe
Nicolas, Michel
Martinent, Guillaume
Mourot, Laurent
author_sort Vacher, Philippe
collection PubMed
description This study examined the trajectories of emotional states and their within-person synergies with perceived stress and recovery during a 4-month training period preceding the French swimming championships. A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis approach was used with 16 high level swimmers. Five waves of assessments of emotional states, perceived stress and recovery were completed. Results indicated that emotional states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the training period preceding a major competition. Specifically, significant positive linear effects of time (i.e., linear increase over time) and negative quadratic effects of squared time (i.e., inverted U shape over time) on anxiety, dejection and anger were observed, whereas the opposite pattern of results was found for happiness and excitement. Moreover, level 2 perceived stress and recovery (i.e., inter-individual predictors) were significantly associated with athletes’ unpleasant and pleasant emotional states respectively. At level 1, perceived recovery (i.e., intra-individual predictor) was positively associated with happiness and excitement and negatively related to anxiety, dejection and anger. Finally, within-person interactions of general stress and recovery with time and squared time reached significance for excitement, whereas within-person interactions of specific and total stress with time and squared time reached significance for anxiety. Overall, this study provided insights into the central role played by perceived stress and recovery on the emotional states experienced by high level swimmers. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the stress-recovery balance and in turn the athletes’ emotional states during a complete training program.
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spelling pubmed-54813962017-07-07 Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter? Vacher, Philippe Nicolas, Michel Martinent, Guillaume Mourot, Laurent Front Psychol Psychology This study examined the trajectories of emotional states and their within-person synergies with perceived stress and recovery during a 4-month training period preceding the French swimming championships. A Multilevel Growth Curve Analysis approach was used with 16 high level swimmers. Five waves of assessments of emotional states, perceived stress and recovery were completed. Results indicated that emotional states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the training period preceding a major competition. Specifically, significant positive linear effects of time (i.e., linear increase over time) and negative quadratic effects of squared time (i.e., inverted U shape over time) on anxiety, dejection and anger were observed, whereas the opposite pattern of results was found for happiness and excitement. Moreover, level 2 perceived stress and recovery (i.e., inter-individual predictors) were significantly associated with athletes’ unpleasant and pleasant emotional states respectively. At level 1, perceived recovery (i.e., intra-individual predictor) was positively associated with happiness and excitement and negatively related to anxiety, dejection and anger. Finally, within-person interactions of general stress and recovery with time and squared time reached significance for excitement, whereas within-person interactions of specific and total stress with time and squared time reached significance for anxiety. Overall, this study provided insights into the central role played by perceived stress and recovery on the emotional states experienced by high level swimmers. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the stress-recovery balance and in turn the athletes’ emotional states during a complete training program. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-06-23 /pmc/articles/PMC5481396/ /pubmed/28690573 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01043 Text en Copyright © 2017 Vacher, Nicolas, Martinent and Mourot. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Vacher, Philippe
Nicolas, Michel
Martinent, Guillaume
Mourot, Laurent
Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter?
title Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter?
title_full Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter?
title_fullStr Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter?
title_full_unstemmed Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter?
title_short Changes of Swimmers’ Emotional States during the Preparation of National Championship: Do Recovery-Stress States Matter?
title_sort changes of swimmers’ emotional states during the preparation of national championship: do recovery-stress states matter?
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5481396/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28690573
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01043
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