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How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol
MDMA is often taken recreationally with alcohol as combined-use. The objective was to determine MDMA postmortem redistribution (PMR) and corresponding effects in combined-style under different storage conditions. Steps were 20%-mixture of alcohol-water for initial 4 weeks to Group-A&B and intrag...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5481449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28642585 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04416-y |
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author | Liang, Man Zhang, Jing Zheng, Na Liu, Liang |
author_facet | Liang, Man Zhang, Jing Zheng, Na Liu, Liang |
author_sort | Liang, Man |
collection | PubMed |
description | MDMA is often taken recreationally with alcohol as combined-use. The objective was to determine MDMA postmortem redistribution (PMR) and corresponding effects in combined-style under different storage conditions. Steps were 20%-mixture of alcohol-water for initial 4 weeks to Group-A&B and intragastric infusions of MDMA (150 mg/kg) to Group-A later; in the same time, drinking pure water to Group-C&D first and then MDMA-fed to Group-C. The sacrificed rats were kept under different conditions for 10-d, during which the body fluids and tissues were collected on 15 continuous time-points and then detected. The MDMA concentrations were quite different along with postmortem interval (PMI) went by; the area under concentration-PMI curve significantly increased with combined-alcohol in comparison to MDMA alone, while that significantly decreased by lowering preservation temperature, allied with corresponding humidity. Combined-alcohol could exacerbate PMR of MDMA, as concentrations of combined-use rats’ samples were quite higher than mono-MDMA ones under any conditions, while different for body fluids and tissues; meanwhile lowering storage temperature could alleviate effects of alcohol. The study implies that in case of combined-use, the changes of concentrations are probably effected by some combined component, especially when come to identification of toxic level or even death. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5481449 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54814492017-06-26 How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol Liang, Man Zhang, Jing Zheng, Na Liu, Liang Sci Rep Article MDMA is often taken recreationally with alcohol as combined-use. The objective was to determine MDMA postmortem redistribution (PMR) and corresponding effects in combined-style under different storage conditions. Steps were 20%-mixture of alcohol-water for initial 4 weeks to Group-A&B and intragastric infusions of MDMA (150 mg/kg) to Group-A later; in the same time, drinking pure water to Group-C&D first and then MDMA-fed to Group-C. The sacrificed rats were kept under different conditions for 10-d, during which the body fluids and tissues were collected on 15 continuous time-points and then detected. The MDMA concentrations were quite different along with postmortem interval (PMI) went by; the area under concentration-PMI curve significantly increased with combined-alcohol in comparison to MDMA alone, while that significantly decreased by lowering preservation temperature, allied with corresponding humidity. Combined-alcohol could exacerbate PMR of MDMA, as concentrations of combined-use rats’ samples were quite higher than mono-MDMA ones under any conditions, while different for body fluids and tissues; meanwhile lowering storage temperature could alleviate effects of alcohol. The study implies that in case of combined-use, the changes of concentrations are probably effected by some combined component, especially when come to identification of toxic level or even death. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5481449/ /pubmed/28642585 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04416-y Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Liang, Man Zhang, Jing Zheng, Na Liu, Liang How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol |
title | How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol |
title_full | How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol |
title_fullStr | How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol |
title_full_unstemmed | How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol |
title_short | How Postmortem Redistribution of MDMA in Acute Alcohol-MDMA Combined-Use Rats Change under Effects of Alcohol |
title_sort | how postmortem redistribution of mdma in acute alcohol-mdma combined-use rats change under effects of alcohol |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5481449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28642585 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04416-y |
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