Effects of ploidy level and haplotype on variation of photosynthetic traits: Novel evidence from two Fragaria species

To reveal the effects of ploidy level and haplotype on photosynthetic traits, we chose 175 genotypes of wild strawberries belonging to two haplotypes at two types of ploidy levels (diploidy and tetraploidy) and measured photosynthetic traits. Our results revealed that ploidy significantly affected the characteristics of light-response curves, CO(2)-response curves, and leaf gas exchange parameters, except intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)). Tetraploid species had a lower light saturation point (LSP) and CO(2) saturation point (CSP), higher light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration (Rd), and CO(2) compensation point (CCP) than diploid species. Furthermore, tetraploid species have lower photosynthetic capacity than diploid species, including net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), stomatal conductivity (G(s)), and transpiration rate (T(r)). In addition, haplotype had a significant effect on LSP, CSP, T(r), and C(i) as well as a significant interactive effect between ploidy and haplotype on the maximal photosynethic rate of the light-response curve and R(d). Most of the variance existed within haplotypes among individuals. These results suggest that polyploidization was the main driver for the evolution of photosynthesis with increasing ploidy level (i.e. from diploidy to tetraploidy in Fragaria species), while the origin of a chromosome could also affect the photosynthetic traits and the polyploidization effect on photosynthetic traits.