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Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype

When a speaker talks, the consequences of this can both be heard (audio) and seen (visual). A novel visual phonemic restoration task was used to assess behavioral discrimination and neural signatures (event-related potentials, or ERP) of audiovisual processing in typically developing children with a...

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Autores principales: Irwin, Julia, Avery, Trey, Turcios, Jacqueline, Brancazio, Lawrence, Cook, Barbara, Landi, Nicole
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5483633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28574442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7060060
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author Irwin, Julia
Avery, Trey
Turcios, Jacqueline
Brancazio, Lawrence
Cook, Barbara
Landi, Nicole
author_facet Irwin, Julia
Avery, Trey
Turcios, Jacqueline
Brancazio, Lawrence
Cook, Barbara
Landi, Nicole
author_sort Irwin, Julia
collection PubMed
description When a speaker talks, the consequences of this can both be heard (audio) and seen (visual). A novel visual phonemic restoration task was used to assess behavioral discrimination and neural signatures (event-related potentials, or ERP) of audiovisual processing in typically developing children with a range of social and communicative skills assessed using the social responsiveness scale, a measure of traits associated with autism. An auditory oddball design presented two types of stimuli to the listener, a clear exemplar of an auditory consonant–vowel syllable /ba/ (the more frequently occurring standard stimulus), and a syllable in which the auditory cues for the consonant were substantially weakened, creating a stimulus which is more like /a/ (the infrequently presented deviant stimulus). All speech tokens were paired with a face producing /ba/ or a face with a pixelated mouth containing motion but no visual speech. In this paradigm, the visual /ba/ should cause the auditory /a/ to be perceived as /ba/, creating an attenuated oddball response; in contrast, a pixelated video (without articulatory information) should not have this effect. Behaviorally, participants showed visual phonemic restoration (reduced accuracy in detecting deviant /a/) in the presence of a speaking face. In addition, ERPs were observed in both an early time window (N100) and a later time window (P300) that were sensitive to speech context (/ba/ or /a/) and modulated by face context (speaking face with visible articulation or with pixelated mouth). Specifically, the oddball responses for the N100 and P300 were attenuated in the presence of a face producing /ba/ relative to a pixelated face, representing a possible neural correlate of the phonemic restoration effect. Notably, those individuals with more traits associated with autism (yet still in the non-clinical range) had smaller P300 responses overall, regardless of face context, suggesting generally reduced phonemic discrimination.
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spelling pubmed-54836332017-06-28 Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype Irwin, Julia Avery, Trey Turcios, Jacqueline Brancazio, Lawrence Cook, Barbara Landi, Nicole Brain Sci Article When a speaker talks, the consequences of this can both be heard (audio) and seen (visual). A novel visual phonemic restoration task was used to assess behavioral discrimination and neural signatures (event-related potentials, or ERP) of audiovisual processing in typically developing children with a range of social and communicative skills assessed using the social responsiveness scale, a measure of traits associated with autism. An auditory oddball design presented two types of stimuli to the listener, a clear exemplar of an auditory consonant–vowel syllable /ba/ (the more frequently occurring standard stimulus), and a syllable in which the auditory cues for the consonant were substantially weakened, creating a stimulus which is more like /a/ (the infrequently presented deviant stimulus). All speech tokens were paired with a face producing /ba/ or a face with a pixelated mouth containing motion but no visual speech. In this paradigm, the visual /ba/ should cause the auditory /a/ to be perceived as /ba/, creating an attenuated oddball response; in contrast, a pixelated video (without articulatory information) should not have this effect. Behaviorally, participants showed visual phonemic restoration (reduced accuracy in detecting deviant /a/) in the presence of a speaking face. In addition, ERPs were observed in both an early time window (N100) and a later time window (P300) that were sensitive to speech context (/ba/ or /a/) and modulated by face context (speaking face with visible articulation or with pixelated mouth). Specifically, the oddball responses for the N100 and P300 were attenuated in the presence of a face producing /ba/ relative to a pixelated face, representing a possible neural correlate of the phonemic restoration effect. Notably, those individuals with more traits associated with autism (yet still in the non-clinical range) had smaller P300 responses overall, regardless of face context, suggesting generally reduced phonemic discrimination. MDPI 2017-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5483633/ /pubmed/28574442 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7060060 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Irwin, Julia
Avery, Trey
Turcios, Jacqueline
Brancazio, Lawrence
Cook, Barbara
Landi, Nicole
Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype
title Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype
title_full Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype
title_fullStr Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype
title_full_unstemmed Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype
title_short Electrophysiological Indices of Audiovisual Speech Perception in the Broader Autism Phenotype
title_sort electrophysiological indices of audiovisual speech perception in the broader autism phenotype
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5483633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28574442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7060060
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