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Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells

To explore the combined effects of environmental radio-frequency (RF) field and X-ray, mouse spermatocyte-derived (GC-1) cells were exposed to 1950 MHz RF field at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 3 W/kg for 24 h combined with or without X-ray irradiation at 6 Gy. After treatment, the cell prolifer...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhang, Ke-Ying, Xu, Hui, Du, Le, Xing, Jun-Ling, Zhang, Bin, Bai, Qiang-Shan, Xu, Yu-Qiao, Zhou, Yong-Chun, Zhang, Jun-Ping, Zhou, Yan, Ding, Gui-Rong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486302/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28590418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060616
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author Zhang, Ke-Ying
Xu, Hui
Du, Le
Xing, Jun-Ling
Zhang, Bin
Bai, Qiang-Shan
Xu, Yu-Qiao
Zhou, Yong-Chun
Zhang, Jun-Ping
Zhou, Yan
Ding, Gui-Rong
author_facet Zhang, Ke-Ying
Xu, Hui
Du, Le
Xing, Jun-Ling
Zhang, Bin
Bai, Qiang-Shan
Xu, Yu-Qiao
Zhou, Yong-Chun
Zhang, Jun-Ping
Zhou, Yan
Ding, Gui-Rong
author_sort Zhang, Ke-Ying
collection PubMed
description To explore the combined effects of environmental radio-frequency (RF) field and X-ray, mouse spermatocyte-derived (GC-1) cells were exposed to 1950 MHz RF field at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 3 W/kg for 24 h combined with or without X-ray irradiation at 6 Gy. After treatment, the cell proliferation level was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay and 5-Bromo-2-deoxy Uridine (BrdU) enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) Assay. The apoptosis level was detected by annexin V flow cytometry assay, transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) Assay and Caspase-3 Activity Assay. It was found that the proliferation and apoptosis level did not change in GC-1 cells after RF exposure alone. However, compared with the X-ray group, the proliferation level significantly decreased and the apoptotic rate significantly increased in the RF+X-ray group. Moreover, a significant decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression and increase in Bax protein expression were observed. The findings suggested that RF exposure at SAR of 3 W/kg did not affect apoptosis and proliferation in GC-1 cells by itself, but that it did enhance the effects of X-ray induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, in which B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) might be involved.
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spelling pubmed-54863022017-06-30 Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells Zhang, Ke-Ying Xu, Hui Du, Le Xing, Jun-Ling Zhang, Bin Bai, Qiang-Shan Xu, Yu-Qiao Zhou, Yong-Chun Zhang, Jun-Ping Zhou, Yan Ding, Gui-Rong Int J Environ Res Public Health Article To explore the combined effects of environmental radio-frequency (RF) field and X-ray, mouse spermatocyte-derived (GC-1) cells were exposed to 1950 MHz RF field at specific absorption rate (SAR) of 3 W/kg for 24 h combined with or without X-ray irradiation at 6 Gy. After treatment, the cell proliferation level was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) Assay and 5-Bromo-2-deoxy Uridine (BrdU) enzyme linked immunosorbent (ELISA) Assay. The apoptosis level was detected by annexin V flow cytometry assay, transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) Assay and Caspase-3 Activity Assay. It was found that the proliferation and apoptosis level did not change in GC-1 cells after RF exposure alone. However, compared with the X-ray group, the proliferation level significantly decreased and the apoptotic rate significantly increased in the RF+X-ray group. Moreover, a significant decrease in Bcl-2 protein expression and increase in Bax protein expression were observed. The findings suggested that RF exposure at SAR of 3 W/kg did not affect apoptosis and proliferation in GC-1 cells by itself, but that it did enhance the effects of X-ray induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, in which B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) might be involved. MDPI 2017-06-07 2017-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5486302/ /pubmed/28590418 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060616 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Ke-Ying
Xu, Hui
Du, Le
Xing, Jun-Ling
Zhang, Bin
Bai, Qiang-Shan
Xu, Yu-Qiao
Zhou, Yong-Chun
Zhang, Jun-Ping
Zhou, Yan
Ding, Gui-Rong
Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells
title Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells
title_full Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells
title_fullStr Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells
title_full_unstemmed Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells
title_short Enhancement of X-ray Induced Apoptosis by Mobile Phone-Like Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mouse Spermatocyte-Derived Cells
title_sort enhancement of x-ray induced apoptosis by mobile phone-like radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in mouse spermatocyte-derived cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486302/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28590418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060616
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