Cargando…
Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes
Neotropical mountain streams are important contributors of biological diversity. Two species of the characid genus Rhoadsia differing for an ecologically important morphological trait, body depth, have been described from mountain streams of the western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. Rhoadsia altip...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179432 |
_version_ | 1783246757593874432 |
---|---|
author | Malato, Grace Shervette, Virginia R. Navarrete Amaya, Ronald Valdiviezo Rivera, Jonathan Nugra Salazar, Fredy Calle Delgado, Paola Karpan, Kirby C. Aguirre, Windsor E. |
author_facet | Malato, Grace Shervette, Virginia R. Navarrete Amaya, Ronald Valdiviezo Rivera, Jonathan Nugra Salazar, Fredy Calle Delgado, Paola Karpan, Kirby C. Aguirre, Windsor E. |
author_sort | Malato, Grace |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neotropical mountain streams are important contributors of biological diversity. Two species of the characid genus Rhoadsia differing for an ecologically important morphological trait, body depth, have been described from mountain streams of the western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. Rhoadsia altipinna is a deeper-bodied species reported from low elevations in southwestern Ecuador and northern Peru, and Rhoadsia minor is a more streamlined species that was described from high elevations (>1200 m) in the Esmeraldas drainage in northwestern Ecuador. Little is known about these species and their validity as distinct species has been questioned. In this study, we examine how their body shape varies along replicated elevational gradients in different drainages of western Ecuador using geometric morphometrics and the fineness ratio. We also use sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c I gene and the second intron of the S7 nuclear gene to examine whether genetic data are consistent with the existence of two species. We found that body depth varies continuously among populations within drainages as a function of elevation, and that body shape overlaps among drainages, such that low elevation populations of R. minor in the Esmeraldas drainage have similar body depths to higher elevation R. altipinna in southern drainages. Although a common general trend of declining body depth with elevation is clear, the pattern and magnitude of body shape divergence differed among drainages. Sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear genes failed to meet strict criteria for the recognition of two species (e.g., reciprocal monophyly and deep genetic structure). However, there was a large component of genetic variation for the COI gene that segregated among drainages, indicating significant genetic divergence associated with geographic isolation. Continued research on Rhoadsia in western Ecuador may yield significant insight into adaptation and speciation in Neotropical mountain streams. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5489170 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54891702017-07-11 Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes Malato, Grace Shervette, Virginia R. Navarrete Amaya, Ronald Valdiviezo Rivera, Jonathan Nugra Salazar, Fredy Calle Delgado, Paola Karpan, Kirby C. Aguirre, Windsor E. PLoS One Research Article Neotropical mountain streams are important contributors of biological diversity. Two species of the characid genus Rhoadsia differing for an ecologically important morphological trait, body depth, have been described from mountain streams of the western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. Rhoadsia altipinna is a deeper-bodied species reported from low elevations in southwestern Ecuador and northern Peru, and Rhoadsia minor is a more streamlined species that was described from high elevations (>1200 m) in the Esmeraldas drainage in northwestern Ecuador. Little is known about these species and their validity as distinct species has been questioned. In this study, we examine how their body shape varies along replicated elevational gradients in different drainages of western Ecuador using geometric morphometrics and the fineness ratio. We also use sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c I gene and the second intron of the S7 nuclear gene to examine whether genetic data are consistent with the existence of two species. We found that body depth varies continuously among populations within drainages as a function of elevation, and that body shape overlaps among drainages, such that low elevation populations of R. minor in the Esmeraldas drainage have similar body depths to higher elevation R. altipinna in southern drainages. Although a common general trend of declining body depth with elevation is clear, the pattern and magnitude of body shape divergence differed among drainages. Sequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear genes failed to meet strict criteria for the recognition of two species (e.g., reciprocal monophyly and deep genetic structure). However, there was a large component of genetic variation for the COI gene that segregated among drainages, indicating significant genetic divergence associated with geographic isolation. Continued research on Rhoadsia in western Ecuador may yield significant insight into adaptation and speciation in Neotropical mountain streams. Public Library of Science 2017-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5489170/ /pubmed/28658255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179432 Text en © 2017 Malato et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Malato, Grace Shervette, Virginia R. Navarrete Amaya, Ronald Valdiviezo Rivera, Jonathan Nugra Salazar, Fredy Calle Delgado, Paola Karpan, Kirby C. Aguirre, Windsor E. Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes |
title | Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_full | Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_fullStr | Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_full_unstemmed | Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_short | Parallel body shape divergence in the Neotropical fish genus Rhoadsia (Teleostei: Characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes |
title_sort | parallel body shape divergence in the neotropical fish genus rhoadsia (teleostei: characidae) along elevational gradients of the western slopes of the ecuadorian andes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658255 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179432 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT malatograce parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes AT shervettevirginiar parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes AT navarreteamayaronald parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes AT valdiviezoriverajonathan parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes AT nugrasalazarfredy parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes AT calledelgadopaola parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes AT karpankirbyc parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes AT aguirrewindsore parallelbodyshapedivergenceintheneotropicalfishgenusrhoadsiateleosteicharacidaealongelevationalgradientsofthewesternslopesoftheecuadorianandes |