Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie
Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out in understanding causes of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and their dynamics, yielding great knowledge in this field. Lake Erie, the fourth-largest lake of the five Great Lake, is among those highly vulnerable to the impacts of HABs and has...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489311/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658260 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179622 |
_version_ | 1783246776474533888 |
---|---|
author | Tian, Di Xie, Gengxin Tian, Jing Tseng, Kuo-Hsin Shum, C. K. Lee, Jiyoung Liang, Song |
author_facet | Tian, Di Xie, Gengxin Tian, Jing Tseng, Kuo-Hsin Shum, C. K. Lee, Jiyoung Liang, Song |
author_sort | Tian, Di |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out in understanding causes of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and their dynamics, yielding great knowledge in this field. Lake Erie, the fourth-largest lake of the five Great Lake, is among those highly vulnerable to the impacts of HABs and has received substantial attention from the public, water management sectors, and academic field. Building upon previous work, this study aims to characterize spatiotemporal variability of Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), which is an important indicator of HABs, and to explore relative importance of environmental factors associated with HABs in the west Lake Erie. Ten years of biweekly Chl-a information over western Lake Erie were derived from MERIS data at the pixel scale. Based on the MERIS-derived information high concentrations of Chl-a were observed in the south near shore area in spring and fall and in the west corner area of western Lake Erie in all three seasons except winter. Wavelet analysis suggested that the 0.5- and 1-year periods were dominant modes for the Chl-a series. The Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) analysis was performed to explore factors associated with the dynamics of Chl-a. The results suggested that overall both phenological (e.g. wind) and ecological (e.g. nutrient levels) factors exhibited significant correlations with the remotely-sensed imagery based observations of Chl-a despite spatial and temporal variations. The important phenological and ecological factors include solar radiation and wind speed in spring, water temperature, solar radiation, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration in summer, wind speed in fall, and water temperature and streamflow in winter. Both consistency and differences of findings of the study with others in the region may suggest strengths and limitations of the remotely sensed imagery-based analysis, offering valuable information for future work. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5489311 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54893112017-07-11 Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie Tian, Di Xie, Gengxin Tian, Jing Tseng, Kuo-Hsin Shum, C. K. Lee, Jiyoung Liang, Song PLoS One Research Article Over the past decades, numerous studies have been carried out in understanding causes of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) and their dynamics, yielding great knowledge in this field. Lake Erie, the fourth-largest lake of the five Great Lake, is among those highly vulnerable to the impacts of HABs and has received substantial attention from the public, water management sectors, and academic field. Building upon previous work, this study aims to characterize spatiotemporal variability of Chlorophyll a (Chl-a), which is an important indicator of HABs, and to explore relative importance of environmental factors associated with HABs in the west Lake Erie. Ten years of biweekly Chl-a information over western Lake Erie were derived from MERIS data at the pixel scale. Based on the MERIS-derived information high concentrations of Chl-a were observed in the south near shore area in spring and fall and in the west corner area of western Lake Erie in all three seasons except winter. Wavelet analysis suggested that the 0.5- and 1-year periods were dominant modes for the Chl-a series. The Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) analysis was performed to explore factors associated with the dynamics of Chl-a. The results suggested that overall both phenological (e.g. wind) and ecological (e.g. nutrient levels) factors exhibited significant correlations with the remotely-sensed imagery based observations of Chl-a despite spatial and temporal variations. The important phenological and ecological factors include solar radiation and wind speed in spring, water temperature, solar radiation, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentration in summer, wind speed in fall, and water temperature and streamflow in winter. Both consistency and differences of findings of the study with others in the region may suggest strengths and limitations of the remotely sensed imagery-based analysis, offering valuable information for future work. Public Library of Science 2017-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5489311/ /pubmed/28658260 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179622 Text en © 2017 Tian et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Tian, Di Xie, Gengxin Tian, Jing Tseng, Kuo-Hsin Shum, C. K. Lee, Jiyoung Liang, Song Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie |
title | Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie |
title_full | Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie |
title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie |
title_short | Spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (HABs) over western Lake Erie |
title_sort | spatiotemporal variability and environmental factors of harmful algal blooms (habs) over western lake erie |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489311/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28658260 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179622 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT tiandi spatiotemporalvariabilityandenvironmentalfactorsofharmfulalgalbloomshabsoverwesternlakeerie AT xiegengxin spatiotemporalvariabilityandenvironmentalfactorsofharmfulalgalbloomshabsoverwesternlakeerie AT tianjing spatiotemporalvariabilityandenvironmentalfactorsofharmfulalgalbloomshabsoverwesternlakeerie AT tsengkuohsin spatiotemporalvariabilityandenvironmentalfactorsofharmfulalgalbloomshabsoverwesternlakeerie AT shumck spatiotemporalvariabilityandenvironmentalfactorsofharmfulalgalbloomshabsoverwesternlakeerie AT leejiyoung spatiotemporalvariabilityandenvironmentalfactorsofharmfulalgalbloomshabsoverwesternlakeerie AT liangsong spatiotemporalvariabilityandenvironmentalfactorsofharmfulalgalbloomshabsoverwesternlakeerie |