Predicting long-term disability outcomes in patients with MS treated with teriflunomide in TEMSO

OBJECTIVE: To predict long-term disability outcomes in TEMSO core (NCT00134563) and extension (NCT00803049) studies in patients with relapsing forms of MS treated with teriflunomide. METHODS: A post hoc analysis was conducted in a subgroup of patients who received teriflunomide in the core study, had MRI and clinical relapse assessments at months 12 (n = 552) and 18, and entered the extension. Patients were allocated risk scores for disability worsening (DW) after 1 year of teriflunomide treatment: 0 = low risk; 1 = intermediate risk; and 2–3 = high risk, based on the occurrence of relapses (0 to ≥2) and/or active (new and enlarging) T(2)-weighted (T(2)w) lesions (≤3 or >3) after the 1-year MRI. Patients in the intermediate-risk group were reclassified as responders or nonresponders (low or high risk) according to relapses and T(2)w lesions on the 18-month MRI. Long-term risk (7 years) of DW was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: In patients with a score of 2–3, the risk of 12-week–confirmed DW over 7 years was significantly higher vs those with a score of 0 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.96, p = 0.0044). Patients reclassified as high risk at month 18 (18.6%) had a significantly higher risk of DW vs those in the low-risk group (81.4%; HR = 1.92; p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Over 80% of patients receiving teriflunomide were classified as low risk (responders) and had a significantly lower risk of DW than those at increased risk (nonresponders) over 7 years of follow-up in TEMSO. Close monitoring of relapses and active T(2)w lesions after short-term teriflunomide treatment predicts a differential rate of subsequent DW long term. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: TEMSO, NCT00134563; TEMSO extension, NCT00803049.