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Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone tails, and gene silencing mediated by non-coding RNA molecules, play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and might be seen as the result of e...

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Autor principal: Coppedè, Fabio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489553/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28706507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00149
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author Coppedè, Fabio
author_facet Coppedè, Fabio
author_sort Coppedè, Fabio
collection PubMed
description Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone tails, and gene silencing mediated by non-coding RNA molecules, play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and might be seen as the result of environmental insults that trigger these conditions. Studies in cells and tissues of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and particularly in Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), are increasingly revealing altered epigenetic marks and resultant deregulation of gene expression levels, but the available data are still limited to be translated into the clinical settings. Particularly, genome-wide methylation and histone tail modification screenings are limited to a few studies in GD patients, and the diagnostic values of the observed epigenetic changes or their potential prognostic utility are still unclear. Similarly, data concerning microRNA expression in AITD patients are largely descriptive and not yet translated into the clinics. In addition, studies relating certain environmental exposures to specific epigenetic changes in AITD and studies evaluating the crosstalk between different epigenetic mechanisms are largely missing. In summary, despite that there is a clear evidence of epigenetic impairment in AITD, further research is required for a better understanding of the epigenetic networks involved in disease pathogenesis, thereby opening the way for potential diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as for epigenetic interventions in the patients.
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spelling pubmed-54895532017-07-13 Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases Coppedè, Fabio Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, covalent modifications of histone tails, and gene silencing mediated by non-coding RNA molecules, play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and might be seen as the result of environmental insults that trigger these conditions. Studies in cells and tissues of patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and particularly in Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), are increasingly revealing altered epigenetic marks and resultant deregulation of gene expression levels, but the available data are still limited to be translated into the clinical settings. Particularly, genome-wide methylation and histone tail modification screenings are limited to a few studies in GD patients, and the diagnostic values of the observed epigenetic changes or their potential prognostic utility are still unclear. Similarly, data concerning microRNA expression in AITD patients are largely descriptive and not yet translated into the clinics. In addition, studies relating certain environmental exposures to specific epigenetic changes in AITD and studies evaluating the crosstalk between different epigenetic mechanisms are largely missing. In summary, despite that there is a clear evidence of epigenetic impairment in AITD, further research is required for a better understanding of the epigenetic networks involved in disease pathogenesis, thereby opening the way for potential diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as for epigenetic interventions in the patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5489553/ /pubmed/28706507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00149 Text en Copyright © 2017 Coppedè. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Coppedè, Fabio
Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
title Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
title_full Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
title_fullStr Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
title_short Epigenetics and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
title_sort epigenetics and autoimmune thyroid diseases
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489553/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28706507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00149
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