Effect of Premedication with Oral Clonidine on Hemodynamic Response during Electroconvulsive Therapy

BACKGROUND: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment available for the acute treatment of depression in patients who do not respond to medications. It is generally used as a second line treatment for many psychological disorders, mainly major depression and schizophrenia where medication is not effective. ECT is often associated with some complications such as hypertension, tachycardia arrhythmia and even myocardial infarction. Various methods have been used for prevention or control of these cardiovascular side effects. AIM: The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of oral clonidine (0.3 mg) with control group to know the effect of oral clonidine on hemodynamic response during ECT. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This prospective randomized crossover clinical trial was performed on 25 patients aged 20-50 years, weight 50-70 kg with ASA I and II who were candidates for ECT. Prior to ECT, each patient received oral doses of clonidine (0.3 mg) or a placebo 90 minutes before ECT. Baseline Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were noted just before securing the intravenous cannula. The same parameters were noted after induction, immediately after seizure cessation following delivery of the electric shock and at 1 minute interval for 10 minutes. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data was analyzed by ANOVA test (analysis of variance). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Attenuation of maximum rise in the heart rate and mean arterial pressure by clonidine (0.3 mg) was evident and statistically significant when compared with control group. CONCLUSION: Oral clonidine (0.3 mg) decreases the acute hypertensive response after electroconvulsive therapy; however, this antihypertensive effect was achieved by decreasing the blood pressure before the electrical stimulus.