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Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults

BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of standardized studies examining exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its relationship to respiratory health among adults in developing countries. METHODS: In 2004, the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) conducted a population-based survey using stra...

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Autores principales: Maziak, Wasim, Ward, Kenneth D, Rastam, Samer, Mzayek, Fawaz, Eissenberg, Thomas
Formato: Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2005
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC549073/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15701169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-6-13
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author Maziak, Wasim
Ward, Kenneth D
Rastam, Samer
Mzayek, Fawaz
Eissenberg, Thomas
author_facet Maziak, Wasim
Ward, Kenneth D
Rastam, Samer
Mzayek, Fawaz
Eissenberg, Thomas
author_sort Maziak, Wasim
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of standardized studies examining exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its relationship to respiratory health among adults in developing countries. METHODS: In 2004, the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) conducted a population-based survey using stratified cluster sampling to look at issues related to environmental health of adults aged 18–65 years in Aleppo (2,500,000 inhabitants). Exposure to ETS was assessed from multiple self-reported indices combined into a composite score (maximum 22), while outcomes included both self-report (symptoms/diagnosis of asthma, bronchitis, and hay fever), and objective indices (spirometric assessment of FEV(1 )and FVC). Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to study the relation between ETS score and studied outcomes, whereby categorical (tertiles) and continuous scores were used respectively, to evaluate the association between ETS exposure and respiratory health, and explore the dose-response relationship of the association. RESULTS: Of 2038 participants, 1118 were current non-smokers with breath CO levels ≤ 10 ppm (27.1% men, mean age 34.7 years) and were included in the current analysis. The vast majority of study participants were exposed to ETS, whereby only 3.6% had ETS score levels ≤ 2. In general, there was a significant dose-response pattern in the relationship of ETS score with symptoms of asthma, hay fever, and bronchitis, but not with diagnoses of these outcomes. The magnitude of the effect was in the range of twofold increases in the frequency of symptoms reported in the high exposure group compared to the low exposure group. Severity of specific respiratory problems, as indicated by frequency of symptoms and health care utilization for respiratory problems, was not associated with ETS exposure. Exposure to ETS was associated with impaired lung function, indicative of airflow limitation, among women only. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the alarming extent of exposure to ETS among adult non-smokers in Syria, and its dose-response relationship with respiratory symptoms of infectious and non-infectious nature. It calls for concerted efforts to increase awareness of this public health problem and to enforce regulations aimed at protecting non-smokers.
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spelling pubmed-5490732005-02-19 Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults Maziak, Wasim Ward, Kenneth D Rastam, Samer Mzayek, Fawaz Eissenberg, Thomas Respir Res Research BACKGROUND: There is a dearth of standardized studies examining exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its relationship to respiratory health among adults in developing countries. METHODS: In 2004, the Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies (SCTS) conducted a population-based survey using stratified cluster sampling to look at issues related to environmental health of adults aged 18–65 years in Aleppo (2,500,000 inhabitants). Exposure to ETS was assessed from multiple self-reported indices combined into a composite score (maximum 22), while outcomes included both self-report (symptoms/diagnosis of asthma, bronchitis, and hay fever), and objective indices (spirometric assessment of FEV(1 )and FVC). Logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted to study the relation between ETS score and studied outcomes, whereby categorical (tertiles) and continuous scores were used respectively, to evaluate the association between ETS exposure and respiratory health, and explore the dose-response relationship of the association. RESULTS: Of 2038 participants, 1118 were current non-smokers with breath CO levels ≤ 10 ppm (27.1% men, mean age 34.7 years) and were included in the current analysis. The vast majority of study participants were exposed to ETS, whereby only 3.6% had ETS score levels ≤ 2. In general, there was a significant dose-response pattern in the relationship of ETS score with symptoms of asthma, hay fever, and bronchitis, but not with diagnoses of these outcomes. The magnitude of the effect was in the range of twofold increases in the frequency of symptoms reported in the high exposure group compared to the low exposure group. Severity of specific respiratory problems, as indicated by frequency of symptoms and health care utilization for respiratory problems, was not associated with ETS exposure. Exposure to ETS was associated with impaired lung function, indicative of airflow limitation, among women only. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the alarming extent of exposure to ETS among adult non-smokers in Syria, and its dose-response relationship with respiratory symptoms of infectious and non-infectious nature. It calls for concerted efforts to increase awareness of this public health problem and to enforce regulations aimed at protecting non-smokers. BioMed Central 2005 2005-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC549073/ /pubmed/15701169 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-6-13 Text en Copyright © 2005 Maziak et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research
Maziak, Wasim
Ward, Kenneth D
Rastam, Samer
Mzayek, Fawaz
Eissenberg, Thomas
Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults
title Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults
title_full Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults
title_fullStr Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults
title_full_unstemmed Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults
title_short Extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults
title_sort extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) and its dose-response relation to respiratory health among adults
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC549073/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15701169
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1465-9921-6-13
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