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Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model

BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is used for the systemic treatment of bone diseases, although it has many side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate a newly formulated OPG-chitosan gel for local application to repair bone defects. Recent studies have reported that immunodetection of os...

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Autores principales: Jayash, Soher N., Hashim, Najihah M., Misran, Misni, Baharuddin, NA
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494162/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28674665
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3513
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author Jayash, Soher N.
Hashim, Najihah M.
Misran, Misni
Baharuddin, NA
author_facet Jayash, Soher N.
Hashim, Najihah M.
Misran, Misni
Baharuddin, NA
author_sort Jayash, Soher N.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is used for the systemic treatment of bone diseases, although it has many side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate a newly formulated OPG-chitosan gel for local application to repair bone defects. Recent studies have reported that immunodetection of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC) can be used to characterise osteogenesis and new bone formation. METHODS: The osteogenic potential of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated in rabbits. Critical-sized defects were created in the calvarial bone, which were either left unfilled (control; group I), or filled with chitosan gel (group II) or OPG-chitosan gel (group III), with rabbits sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks. Bone samples from the surgical area were decalcified and treated with routine histological and immunohistochemical protocols using OC, OPN, and cathepsin K (osteoclast marker) antibodies. The toxicity of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated by biochemical assays (liver and kidney function tests). RESULTS: The mean bone growth in defects filled with the OPG-chitosan gel was significantly higher than those filled with the chitosan gel or the unfilled group (p < 0.05). At 6 and 12 weeks, the highest levels of OC and OPN markers were found in the OPG-chitosan gel group, followed by the chitosan gel group. The number of osteoclasts in the OPG-chitosan gel group was lower than the other groups. The results of the liver and kidney functional tests indicated no signs of harmful systemic effects of treatment. In conclusion, the OPG-chitosan gel has many characteristics that make it suitable for bone repair and regeneration, highlighting its potential benefits for tissue engineering applications.
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spelling pubmed-54941622017-07-03 Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model Jayash, Soher N. Hashim, Najihah M. Misran, Misni Baharuddin, NA PeerJ Bioengineering BACKGROUND: Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is used for the systemic treatment of bone diseases, although it has many side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate a newly formulated OPG-chitosan gel for local application to repair bone defects. Recent studies have reported that immunodetection of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC) can be used to characterise osteogenesis and new bone formation. METHODS: The osteogenic potential of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated in rabbits. Critical-sized defects were created in the calvarial bone, which were either left unfilled (control; group I), or filled with chitosan gel (group II) or OPG-chitosan gel (group III), with rabbits sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks. Bone samples from the surgical area were decalcified and treated with routine histological and immunohistochemical protocols using OC, OPN, and cathepsin K (osteoclast marker) antibodies. The toxicity of the OPG-chitosan gel was evaluated by biochemical assays (liver and kidney function tests). RESULTS: The mean bone growth in defects filled with the OPG-chitosan gel was significantly higher than those filled with the chitosan gel or the unfilled group (p < 0.05). At 6 and 12 weeks, the highest levels of OC and OPN markers were found in the OPG-chitosan gel group, followed by the chitosan gel group. The number of osteoclasts in the OPG-chitosan gel group was lower than the other groups. The results of the liver and kidney functional tests indicated no signs of harmful systemic effects of treatment. In conclusion, the OPG-chitosan gel has many characteristics that make it suitable for bone repair and regeneration, highlighting its potential benefits for tissue engineering applications. PeerJ Inc. 2017-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5494162/ /pubmed/28674665 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3513 Text en ©2017 Jayash et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Bioengineering
Jayash, Soher N.
Hashim, Najihah M.
Misran, Misni
Baharuddin, NA
Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
title Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
title_full Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
title_fullStr Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
title_full_unstemmed Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
title_short Local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
title_sort local application of osteoprotegerin-chitosan gel in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model
topic Bioengineering
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494162/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28674665
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3513
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