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Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective
BACKGROUND: The psychophysical responses induced by verum acupuncture are characterized by a constellation of unique subjective sensory responses commonly termed De Qi. Furthermore, a variety of sham interventions have been used as a control for acupuncture clinical trials. Indeed, one such control...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5496139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28673350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1859-0 |
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author | Razavy, Shohreh Gadau, Marcus Zhang, Shi Ping Wang, Fu Chun Bangrazi, Sergio Berle, Christine Harahap, Mahrita Li, Tie Li, Wei Hong Zaslawski, Christopher |
author_facet | Razavy, Shohreh Gadau, Marcus Zhang, Shi Ping Wang, Fu Chun Bangrazi, Sergio Berle, Christine Harahap, Mahrita Li, Tie Li, Wei Hong Zaslawski, Christopher |
author_sort | Razavy, Shohreh |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The psychophysical responses induced by verum acupuncture are characterized by a constellation of unique subjective sensory responses commonly termed De Qi. Furthermore, a variety of sham interventions have been used as a control for acupuncture clinical trials. Indeed, one such control has been mock laser which has been used as control intervention in several acupuncture clinical controlled trials. The current study aim was to examine the De Qi sensory responses and its related characteristics elicited from acupuncture and compare them to those reported following sham laser in participants enrolled in a clinical trial. METHODS: The study was embedded in a multi-center, two-arm randomised clinical trial, which evaluated the effect of acupuncture on lateral elbow pain. De Qi was assessed using the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS). Ninety-six participants were randomly allocated to receive either acupuncture (n = 47) or mock laser (n = 49) at the acupoints LI 10 and LI 11. RESULTS: Participants in both intervention groups reported similar De Qi psychophysical characteristics; however, both intensity and frequency of the individually perceived De Qi characteristics were significantly higher in the acupuncture group. ‘Soreness’, ‘deep pressure’, and ‘fullness-distension’ in the acupuncture group and ‘tingling’, and ‘sharp pain’ in mock laser group, were identified as the leading characteristics. Similar level of MASS De Qi Index (MDI) scores were reported for ‘Hong Kong-China’ and ‘Australia-Italy’ with a significantly higher level of De Qi reported by ‘Hong Kong-China’. Furthermore, two distinct De Qi categories were identified, namely De Qi (in line with classical sensory responses of Suan, Ma, Zhang, and Zhong) and pain. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective ‘somatic or interoceptive awareness’ should be taken into account when De Qi psychophysical responses are examined. The study accentuates the necessity and the significance of further research into interoception phenomenon which may contribute to a better understanding of the placebo effect and De Qi psychophysical responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry reference: ACTRN12613001138774 on 11th of October 2013. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5496139 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54961392017-07-05 Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective Razavy, Shohreh Gadau, Marcus Zhang, Shi Ping Wang, Fu Chun Bangrazi, Sergio Berle, Christine Harahap, Mahrita Li, Tie Li, Wei Hong Zaslawski, Christopher BMC Complement Altern Med Research Article BACKGROUND: The psychophysical responses induced by verum acupuncture are characterized by a constellation of unique subjective sensory responses commonly termed De Qi. Furthermore, a variety of sham interventions have been used as a control for acupuncture clinical trials. Indeed, one such control has been mock laser which has been used as control intervention in several acupuncture clinical controlled trials. The current study aim was to examine the De Qi sensory responses and its related characteristics elicited from acupuncture and compare them to those reported following sham laser in participants enrolled in a clinical trial. METHODS: The study was embedded in a multi-center, two-arm randomised clinical trial, which evaluated the effect of acupuncture on lateral elbow pain. De Qi was assessed using the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (MASS). Ninety-six participants were randomly allocated to receive either acupuncture (n = 47) or mock laser (n = 49) at the acupoints LI 10 and LI 11. RESULTS: Participants in both intervention groups reported similar De Qi psychophysical characteristics; however, both intensity and frequency of the individually perceived De Qi characteristics were significantly higher in the acupuncture group. ‘Soreness’, ‘deep pressure’, and ‘fullness-distension’ in the acupuncture group and ‘tingling’, and ‘sharp pain’ in mock laser group, were identified as the leading characteristics. Similar level of MASS De Qi Index (MDI) scores were reported for ‘Hong Kong-China’ and ‘Australia-Italy’ with a significantly higher level of De Qi reported by ‘Hong Kong-China’. Furthermore, two distinct De Qi categories were identified, namely De Qi (in line with classical sensory responses of Suan, Ma, Zhang, and Zhong) and pain. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective ‘somatic or interoceptive awareness’ should be taken into account when De Qi psychophysical responses are examined. The study accentuates the necessity and the significance of further research into interoception phenomenon which may contribute to a better understanding of the placebo effect and De Qi psychophysical responses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry reference: ACTRN12613001138774 on 11th of October 2013. BioMed Central 2017-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5496139/ /pubmed/28673350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1859-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Razavy, Shohreh Gadau, Marcus Zhang, Shi Ping Wang, Fu Chun Bangrazi, Sergio Berle, Christine Harahap, Mahrita Li, Tie Li, Wei Hong Zaslawski, Christopher Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective |
title | Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective |
title_full | Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective |
title_fullStr | Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective |
title_short | Psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective |
title_sort | psychophysical responses in patients receiving a mock laser within context of an acupuncture clinical trial: an interoceptive perspective |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5496139/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28673350 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1859-0 |
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