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Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Despite the public health significance of anaemia in African children, its broader and often preventable risk factors remain largely under described. This study investigated, for the first time, the prevalence of childhood anaemia and its risk factors in an urban setting in Uganda. METHO...

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Autores principales: Legason, Ismail Dragon, Atiku, Alex, Ssenyonga, Ronald, Olupot-Olupot, Peter, Barugahare, John Banson
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5496358/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12878-017-0081-0
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author Legason, Ismail Dragon
Atiku, Alex
Ssenyonga, Ronald
Olupot-Olupot, Peter
Barugahare, John Banson
author_facet Legason, Ismail Dragon
Atiku, Alex
Ssenyonga, Ronald
Olupot-Olupot, Peter
Barugahare, John Banson
author_sort Legason, Ismail Dragon
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Despite the public health significance of anaemia in African children, its broader and often preventable risk factors remain largely under described. This study investigated, for the first time, the prevalence of childhood anaemia and its risk factors in an urban setting in Uganda. METHODS: A total of 342 children were enrolled. Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes and analyzed using Symex 500i (Symex Corp. Japan). Stool and urine samples were analyzed according to established standard methods. Anthropometric indicators were calculated according to the CDC/WHO 1978 references. Ethical approval was granted. RESULTS: Categorically, the prevalence of anaemia was; 37.2, 33.3 and 11.8% among children aged 1–5 years, 6–11 years and 12–14 years respectively. Overall anaemia prevalence was 34.4%. The risk of anaemia was higher among males than females [(OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8, 2.1), P = .22]. Malaria was associated with a 1.5 times risk of anaemia though not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis (P = .19). Maternal parity <5 (P = .002), and stunting [(OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3, 4.7), P = .004] were positively associated with anaemia. There was a positive correlation between household size and income (Pearson X (2) = 22.96; P = .001), implying that large families were of higher socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that anaemia is more prevalent in the under-5 age. The risk factors are stunting and low maternal parity. Interventions that address nutritional deficiencies in both pre-school and school children are recommended. Malaria and helminthiasis control measures counter the risk of anaemia. Further studies are required to investigate the association between maternal parity and anaemia found in this study.
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spelling pubmed-54963582017-07-05 Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study Legason, Ismail Dragon Atiku, Alex Ssenyonga, Ronald Olupot-Olupot, Peter Barugahare, John Banson BMC Hematol Research Article BACKGROUND: Despite the public health significance of anaemia in African children, its broader and often preventable risk factors remain largely under described. This study investigated, for the first time, the prevalence of childhood anaemia and its risk factors in an urban setting in Uganda. METHODS: A total of 342 children were enrolled. Venous blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes and analyzed using Symex 500i (Symex Corp. Japan). Stool and urine samples were analyzed according to established standard methods. Anthropometric indicators were calculated according to the CDC/WHO 1978 references. Ethical approval was granted. RESULTS: Categorically, the prevalence of anaemia was; 37.2, 33.3 and 11.8% among children aged 1–5 years, 6–11 years and 12–14 years respectively. Overall anaemia prevalence was 34.4%. The risk of anaemia was higher among males than females [(OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.8, 2.1), P = .22]. Malaria was associated with a 1.5 times risk of anaemia though not statistically significant in the multivariate analysis (P = .19). Maternal parity <5 (P = .002), and stunting [(OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.3, 4.7), P = .004] were positively associated with anaemia. There was a positive correlation between household size and income (Pearson X (2) = 22.96; P = .001), implying that large families were of higher socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that anaemia is more prevalent in the under-5 age. The risk factors are stunting and low maternal parity. Interventions that address nutritional deficiencies in both pre-school and school children are recommended. Malaria and helminthiasis control measures counter the risk of anaemia. Further studies are required to investigate the association between maternal parity and anaemia found in this study. BioMed Central 2017-07-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5496358/ /pubmed/28680644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12878-017-0081-0 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Legason, Ismail Dragon
Atiku, Alex
Ssenyonga, Ronald
Olupot-Olupot, Peter
Barugahare, John Banson
Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
title Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
title_full Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
title_fullStr Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
title_short Prevalence of Anaemia and Associated Risk Factors among Children in North-western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
title_sort prevalence of anaemia and associated risk factors among children in north-western uganda: a cross sectional study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5496358/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28680644
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12878-017-0081-0
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