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Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar
BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of malaria parasites reflects the complexity and size of the parasite populations. This study was designed to explore the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations collected from two southeastern areas (Shwekyin and Myawaddy bordering Thailand) and one...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5496439/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28676097 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2254-x |
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author | Soe, Than Naing Wu, Yanrui Tun, Myo Win Xu, Xin Hu, Yue Ruan, Yonghua Win, Aung Ye Naung Nyunt, Myat Htut Mon, Nan Cho Nwe Han, Kay Thwe Aye, Khin Myo Morris, James Su, Pincan Yang, Zhaoqing Kyaw, Myat Phone Cui, Liwang |
author_facet | Soe, Than Naing Wu, Yanrui Tun, Myo Win Xu, Xin Hu, Yue Ruan, Yonghua Win, Aung Ye Naung Nyunt, Myat Htut Mon, Nan Cho Nwe Han, Kay Thwe Aye, Khin Myo Morris, James Su, Pincan Yang, Zhaoqing Kyaw, Myat Phone Cui, Liwang |
author_sort | Soe, Than Naing |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of malaria parasites reflects the complexity and size of the parasite populations. This study was designed to explore the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations collected from two southeastern areas (Shwekyin and Myawaddy bordering Thailand) and one western area (Kyauktaw bordering Bangladesh) of Myanmar. METHODS: A total of 267 blood samples collected from patients with acute P. falciparum infections during 2009 and 2010 were used for genotyping at the merozoite surface protein 1 (Msp1), Msp2 and glutamate-rich protein (Glurp) loci. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty four samples were successfully genotyped at three genes. The allelic distributions of the three genes were all significantly different among three areas. MAD20 and 3D7 were the most prevalent alleles in three areas for Msp1 and Msp2, respectively. The Glurp allele with a bin size of 700–750 bp was the most prevalent both in Shwekyin and Myawaddy, whereas two alleles with bin sizes of 800–850 bp and 900–1000 bp were the most prevalent in the western site Kyauktaw. Overall, 73.91% of samples contained multiclonal infections, resulting in a mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.94. Interestingly, the MOI level presented a rising trend with the order of Myawaddy, Kyauktaw and Shwekyin, which also paralleled with the increasing frequencies of Msp1 RO33 and Msp2 FC27 200–250 bp alleles. Msp1 and Msp2 genes displayed higher levels of diversity and higher MOI rates than Glurp. PCR revealed four samples (two from Shwekyin and two from Myawaddy) with mixed infections of P. falciparum and P. vivax. CONCLUSIONS: This study genotyped parasite clinical samples from two southeast regions and one western state of Myanmar at the Msp1, Msp2 and Glurp loci, which revealed high levels of genetic diversity and mixed-strain infections of P. falciparum populations at these sites. The results indicated that malaria transmission intensity in these regions remained high and more strengthened control efforts are needed. The genotypic data provided baseline information for monitoring the impacts of malaria elimination efforts in the region. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2254-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5496439 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54964392017-07-07 Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar Soe, Than Naing Wu, Yanrui Tun, Myo Win Xu, Xin Hu, Yue Ruan, Yonghua Win, Aung Ye Naung Nyunt, Myat Htut Mon, Nan Cho Nwe Han, Kay Thwe Aye, Khin Myo Morris, James Su, Pincan Yang, Zhaoqing Kyaw, Myat Phone Cui, Liwang Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: The genetic diversity of malaria parasites reflects the complexity and size of the parasite populations. This study was designed to explore the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations collected from two southeastern areas (Shwekyin and Myawaddy bordering Thailand) and one western area (Kyauktaw bordering Bangladesh) of Myanmar. METHODS: A total of 267 blood samples collected from patients with acute P. falciparum infections during 2009 and 2010 were used for genotyping at the merozoite surface protein 1 (Msp1), Msp2 and glutamate-rich protein (Glurp) loci. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty four samples were successfully genotyped at three genes. The allelic distributions of the three genes were all significantly different among three areas. MAD20 and 3D7 were the most prevalent alleles in three areas for Msp1 and Msp2, respectively. The Glurp allele with a bin size of 700–750 bp was the most prevalent both in Shwekyin and Myawaddy, whereas two alleles with bin sizes of 800–850 bp and 900–1000 bp were the most prevalent in the western site Kyauktaw. Overall, 73.91% of samples contained multiclonal infections, resulting in a mean multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1.94. Interestingly, the MOI level presented a rising trend with the order of Myawaddy, Kyauktaw and Shwekyin, which also paralleled with the increasing frequencies of Msp1 RO33 and Msp2 FC27 200–250 bp alleles. Msp1 and Msp2 genes displayed higher levels of diversity and higher MOI rates than Glurp. PCR revealed four samples (two from Shwekyin and two from Myawaddy) with mixed infections of P. falciparum and P. vivax. CONCLUSIONS: This study genotyped parasite clinical samples from two southeast regions and one western state of Myanmar at the Msp1, Msp2 and Glurp loci, which revealed high levels of genetic diversity and mixed-strain infections of P. falciparum populations at these sites. The results indicated that malaria transmission intensity in these regions remained high and more strengthened control efforts are needed. The genotypic data provided baseline information for monitoring the impacts of malaria elimination efforts in the region. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2254-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5496439/ /pubmed/28676097 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2254-x Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Soe, Than Naing Wu, Yanrui Tun, Myo Win Xu, Xin Hu, Yue Ruan, Yonghua Win, Aung Ye Naung Nyunt, Myat Htut Mon, Nan Cho Nwe Han, Kay Thwe Aye, Khin Myo Morris, James Su, Pincan Yang, Zhaoqing Kyaw, Myat Phone Cui, Liwang Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar |
title | Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar |
title_full | Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar |
title_fullStr | Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar |
title_short | Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western Myanmar |
title_sort | genetic diversity of plasmodium falciparum populations in southeast and western myanmar |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5496439/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28676097 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2254-x |
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