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Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system
Previous studies demonstrated the effects of polyploidy on various aspects of plant life. It is, however, difficult to determine which plant characteristics are responsible for fitness differences between cytotypes. We assessed the relationship between polyploidy and seed production. To separate the...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5499820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28013251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw077 |
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author | Münzbergová, Zuzana Skuhrovec, Jiří |
author_facet | Münzbergová, Zuzana Skuhrovec, Jiří |
author_sort | Münzbergová, Zuzana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Previous studies demonstrated the effects of polyploidy on various aspects of plant life. It is, however, difficult to determine which plant characteristics are responsible for fitness differences between cytotypes. We assessed the relationship between polyploidy and seed production. To separate the effects of flowering phenology, flower head size and herbivores from other possible causes, we collected data on these characteristics in single flower heads of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea phrygia in an experimental garden. We used structural equation modelling to identify the main pathways determining seed production. The results showed that the relationship between polyploidy and seed production is mediated by most of the studied factors. The different factors acted in opposing directions. Wider flower heads displayed higher above the ground suggested higher seed production in diploids. In contrast, earlier flowering and a lower abundance of herbivores suggested higher seed production in tetraploids. However, because phenology was the strongest driver of seed production in this system, the sum of all the pathways suggested greater seed production in tetraploids than in diploids. The pathway linking ploidy level directly to seed production, representing unstudied factors, was not significant. This suggests that the factors studied likely are drivers of the between-cytotype differences. Overall, this study demonstrated that tetraploids possess overall higher fitness estimated as seed production. Regardless of the patterns observed here, strong between year fluctuations in the composition and diversity of insect communities have been observed. The direction of the selection may thus vary between years. Consequently, understanding the structure of the interactions is more important for understanding the system than the overall effects of cytotype on a fitness trait in a specific year. Such knowledge can be used to model the evolution of species traits and plant-herbivore and plant-pollinator interactions in diploid–polyploid systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5499820 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54998202017-07-12 Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system Münzbergová, Zuzana Skuhrovec, Jiří AoB Plants Research Article Previous studies demonstrated the effects of polyploidy on various aspects of plant life. It is, however, difficult to determine which plant characteristics are responsible for fitness differences between cytotypes. We assessed the relationship between polyploidy and seed production. To separate the effects of flowering phenology, flower head size and herbivores from other possible causes, we collected data on these characteristics in single flower heads of diploid and tetraploid Centaurea phrygia in an experimental garden. We used structural equation modelling to identify the main pathways determining seed production. The results showed that the relationship between polyploidy and seed production is mediated by most of the studied factors. The different factors acted in opposing directions. Wider flower heads displayed higher above the ground suggested higher seed production in diploids. In contrast, earlier flowering and a lower abundance of herbivores suggested higher seed production in tetraploids. However, because phenology was the strongest driver of seed production in this system, the sum of all the pathways suggested greater seed production in tetraploids than in diploids. The pathway linking ploidy level directly to seed production, representing unstudied factors, was not significant. This suggests that the factors studied likely are drivers of the between-cytotype differences. Overall, this study demonstrated that tetraploids possess overall higher fitness estimated as seed production. Regardless of the patterns observed here, strong between year fluctuations in the composition and diversity of insect communities have been observed. The direction of the selection may thus vary between years. Consequently, understanding the structure of the interactions is more important for understanding the system than the overall effects of cytotype on a fitness trait in a specific year. Such knowledge can be used to model the evolution of species traits and plant-herbivore and plant-pollinator interactions in diploid–polyploid systems. Oxford University Press 2016-12-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5499820/ /pubmed/28013251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw077 Text en © The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Münzbergová, Zuzana Skuhrovec, Jiří Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system |
title | Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system |
title_full | Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system |
title_fullStr | Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system |
title_full_unstemmed | Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system |
title_short | Contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system |
title_sort | contrasting effects of ploidy level on seed production in a diploid–tetraploid system |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5499820/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28013251 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw077 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT munzbergovazuzana contrastingeffectsofploidylevelonseedproductioninadiploidtetraploidsystem AT skuhrovecjiri contrastingeffectsofploidylevelonseedproductioninadiploidtetraploidsystem |