Morphology Control of Energy-Gap-Engineered Nb(2)O(5) Nanowires and the Regioselective Growth of CdS for Efficient Carrier Transfer Across an Oxide-Sulphide Nanointerface

Semiconductor nanowires with both nano- and micrometre dimensions have been used as effective materials for artificial photosynthesis; however, a single synthesis approach to provide rational control over the macroscopic morphology, which can allow for the high-throughput screening of photocatalytic performance, and carrier transfer between oxide and sulphide nanostructures has been poorly known. Our recent findings indicate that a single parameter, Nb foil thickness, in a vapor-phase synthesis method can alter the macroscopic morphology of resulting Nb(2)O(5) nanowires. Thick Nb foil results in a free-standing Nb(2)O(5) film, whereas a thinner foil leads to fragmentation to give a powder. During the synthesis process, a Rh dopant was provided through metal-organic chemical vapor deposition to reduce the Nb(2)O(5) energy gap. Upon irradiation with visible light (λ > 440 nm), the free-standing nanowire film [Nb(2)O(5):Rh-NW(F)] showed photoanodic current with a Faradaic efficiency of 99% for O(2) evolution. Under identical irradiation conditions, the powdered counterpart [Nb(2)O(5):Rh-NW(P)] showed activity for O(2) evolution in the presence of an electron acceptor. The poor water-reduction ability was greatly enhanced by the Au-catalysed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of H(2)-evolving CdS onto the reduction sites of Nb(2)O(5):Rh-NW(P) [Au/CdS/Nb(2)O(5):Rh-NW(P)].