LiV(3)O(8)/Polytriphenylamine Composites with Enhanced Electrochemical Performances as Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

LiV(3)O(8)/polytriphenylamine composites are synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization process and applied as cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries (RLB). The structure, morphology, and electrochemical performances of the composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, galvanostatic discharge/charge tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was found that the polytriphenylamine particles were composited with LiV(3)O(8) nanorods which acted as a protective barrier against the side reaction of LiV(3)O(8), as well as a conductive network to reduce the reaction resistance among the LiV(3)O(8) particles. Among the LiV(3)O(8)/polytriphenylamine composites, the 17 wt % LVO/PTPAn composite showed the largest d(100) spacing. The electrochemical results showed that the 17 wt % LVO/PTPAn composite maintained a discharge capacity of 271 mAh·g(−1) at a current density of 60 mA·g(−1), as well as maintaining 236 mAh·g(−1) at 240 mA·g(−1) after 50 cycles, while the bare LiV(3)O(8) sample retained only 169 and 148 mAh·g(−1), respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) results implied that the 17 wt % LVO/PTPAn composite demonstrated a decreased charge transfer resistance and increased Li(+) ion diffusion ability, therefore manifesting better rate capability and cycling performance compared to the bare LiV(3)O(8) sample.