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Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems

BACKGROUND: Understanding the ecological processes that are involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens by small mammals may aid adequate and effective management measures. Few attempts have been made to analyze the ecological aspects that influence pathogen infection in small mammals in live...

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Autores principales: Lovera, Rosario, Fernández, María Soledad, Jacob, Jens, Lucero, Nidia, Morici, Gabriel, Brihuega, Bibiana, Farace, María Isabel, Caracostantogolo, Jorge, Cavia, Regino
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5509364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28665952
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005722
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author Lovera, Rosario
Fernández, María Soledad
Jacob, Jens
Lucero, Nidia
Morici, Gabriel
Brihuega, Bibiana
Farace, María Isabel
Caracostantogolo, Jorge
Cavia, Regino
author_facet Lovera, Rosario
Fernández, María Soledad
Jacob, Jens
Lucero, Nidia
Morici, Gabriel
Brihuega, Bibiana
Farace, María Isabel
Caracostantogolo, Jorge
Cavia, Regino
author_sort Lovera, Rosario
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Understanding the ecological processes that are involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens by small mammals may aid adequate and effective management measures. Few attempts have been made to analyze the ecological aspects that influence pathogen infection in small mammals in livestock production systems. We describe the infection of small mammals with Leptospira spp., Brucella spp., Trichinella spp. and Cysticercus fasciolaris and assess the related intrinsic and extrinsic factors in livestock production systems in central Argentina at the small mammal community, population and individual levels. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ten pig farms and eight dairy farms were studied by removal trapping of small mammals from 2008 to 2011. Each farm was sampled seasonally over the course of one year with cage and Sherman live traps. The 505 small mammals captured (14,359 trap-nights) included three introduced murine rodents, four native rodents and two opossums. Leptospira spp., anti-Brucella spp. antibodies and Trichinella spp. were found in the three murine rodents and both opossums. Rattus norvegicus was also infected with C. fasciolaris; Akodon azarae and Oligoryzomys flavescens with Leptospira spp.; anti-Brucella spp. antibodies were found in A. azarae. Two or more pathogens occurred simultaneously on 89% of the farms, and each pathogen was found on at least 50% of the farms. Pathogen infections increased with host abundance. Infection by Leptospira spp. also increased with precipitation and during warm seasons. The occurrence of anti-Brucella spp. antibodies was higher on dairy farms and during the winter and summer. The host abundances limit values, from which farms are expected to be free of the studied pathogens, are reported. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Murine rodents maintain pathogens within farms, whereas other native species are likely dispersing pathogens among farms. Hence, we recommend preventing and controlling murines in farm dwellings and isolating farms from their surroundings to avoid contact with other wild mammals.
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spelling pubmed-55093642017-08-07 Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems Lovera, Rosario Fernández, María Soledad Jacob, Jens Lucero, Nidia Morici, Gabriel Brihuega, Bibiana Farace, María Isabel Caracostantogolo, Jorge Cavia, Regino PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Understanding the ecological processes that are involved in the transmission of zoonotic pathogens by small mammals may aid adequate and effective management measures. Few attempts have been made to analyze the ecological aspects that influence pathogen infection in small mammals in livestock production systems. We describe the infection of small mammals with Leptospira spp., Brucella spp., Trichinella spp. and Cysticercus fasciolaris and assess the related intrinsic and extrinsic factors in livestock production systems in central Argentina at the small mammal community, population and individual levels. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Ten pig farms and eight dairy farms were studied by removal trapping of small mammals from 2008 to 2011. Each farm was sampled seasonally over the course of one year with cage and Sherman live traps. The 505 small mammals captured (14,359 trap-nights) included three introduced murine rodents, four native rodents and two opossums. Leptospira spp., anti-Brucella spp. antibodies and Trichinella spp. were found in the three murine rodents and both opossums. Rattus norvegicus was also infected with C. fasciolaris; Akodon azarae and Oligoryzomys flavescens with Leptospira spp.; anti-Brucella spp. antibodies were found in A. azarae. Two or more pathogens occurred simultaneously on 89% of the farms, and each pathogen was found on at least 50% of the farms. Pathogen infections increased with host abundance. Infection by Leptospira spp. also increased with precipitation and during warm seasons. The occurrence of anti-Brucella spp. antibodies was higher on dairy farms and during the winter and summer. The host abundances limit values, from which farms are expected to be free of the studied pathogens, are reported. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Murine rodents maintain pathogens within farms, whereas other native species are likely dispersing pathogens among farms. Hence, we recommend preventing and controlling murines in farm dwellings and isolating farms from their surroundings to avoid contact with other wild mammals. Public Library of Science 2017-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5509364/ /pubmed/28665952 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005722 Text en © 2017 Lovera et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Lovera, Rosario
Fernández, María Soledad
Jacob, Jens
Lucero, Nidia
Morici, Gabriel
Brihuega, Bibiana
Farace, María Isabel
Caracostantogolo, Jorge
Cavia, Regino
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
title Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
title_full Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
title_fullStr Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
title_full_unstemmed Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
title_short Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
title_sort intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to pathogen infection in wild small mammals in intensive milk cattle and swine production systems
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5509364/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28665952
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005722
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