Relationship of locomotive syndrome with health-related quality of life among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the prevalence of locomotive syndrome among patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using the “loco-check” recently developed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association, and to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with and without locomotive syndrome. [Subjects and Methods] This cross-sectional study evaluated 1,195 outpatients with OSAS (1,030 males and 165 females). Locomotive syndrome was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association’s “loco-check”. HRQOL and psychological distress were evaluated using the EuroQol 5-dimensional (EQ-5D) and 6-item Kessler questionnaires. [Results] Locomotive syndrome was detected in 578 patients (48.4%), including 398 males (38.6% of males) and 119 females (70.3% of females). Patients with OSAS and locomotive syndrome had significantly lower EQ-5D scores, compared to patients without locomotive syndrome. Multiple regression analysis revealed that HRQOL among patients with OSAS was independently associated with locomotive syndrome, age, gender, body mass index, apnea hypopnea index, the Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, and exercise habits. [Conclusion] The prevalence of locomotive syndrome was thought to be comparatively high in patients with OSAS, and locomotive syndrome was associated with lower HRQOL, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Prevention or management of locomotive syndrome may be beneficial for improving HRQOL among patients with OSAS.