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Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture
The centromere is essential for the segregation of chromosomes, as it serves as attachment site for microtubules to mediate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. In most organisms, the centromere is restricted to one chromosomal region that appears as primary constriction on the condens...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5509776/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27858158 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-016-0620-7 |
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author | Schalch, Thomas Steiner, Florian A. |
author_facet | Schalch, Thomas Steiner, Florian A. |
author_sort | Schalch, Thomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | The centromere is essential for the segregation of chromosomes, as it serves as attachment site for microtubules to mediate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. In most organisms, the centromere is restricted to one chromosomal region that appears as primary constriction on the condensed chromosome and is partitioned into two chromatin domains: The centromere core is characterized by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A (also called cenH3) and is required for specifying the centromere and for building the kinetochore complex during mitosis. This core region is generally flanked by pericentric heterochromatin, characterized by nucleosomes containing H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me) that are bound by heterochromatin proteins. During mitosis, these two domains together form a three-dimensional structure that exposes CENP-A-containing chromatin to the surface for interaction with the kinetochore and microtubules. At the same time, this structure supports the tension generated during the segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles. In this review, we discuss recent insight into the characteristics of the centromere, from the specialized chromatin structures at the centromere core and the pericentromere to the three-dimensional organization of these regions that make up the functional centromere. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5509776 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55097762017-07-28 Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture Schalch, Thomas Steiner, Florian A. Chromosoma Review The centromere is essential for the segregation of chromosomes, as it serves as attachment site for microtubules to mediate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. In most organisms, the centromere is restricted to one chromosomal region that appears as primary constriction on the condensed chromosome and is partitioned into two chromatin domains: The centromere core is characterized by the centromere-specific histone H3 variant CENP-A (also called cenH3) and is required for specifying the centromere and for building the kinetochore complex during mitosis. This core region is generally flanked by pericentric heterochromatin, characterized by nucleosomes containing H3 methylated on lysine 9 (H3K9me) that are bound by heterochromatin proteins. During mitosis, these two domains together form a three-dimensional structure that exposes CENP-A-containing chromatin to the surface for interaction with the kinetochore and microtubules. At the same time, this structure supports the tension generated during the segregation of sister chromatids to opposite poles. In this review, we discuss recent insight into the characteristics of the centromere, from the specialized chromatin structures at the centromere core and the pericentromere to the three-dimensional organization of these regions that make up the functional centromere. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016-11-17 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5509776/ /pubmed/27858158 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-016-0620-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Review Schalch, Thomas Steiner, Florian A. Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture |
title | Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture |
title_full | Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture |
title_fullStr | Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture |
title_full_unstemmed | Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture |
title_short | Structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture |
title_sort | structure of centromere chromatin: from nucleosome to chromosomal architecture |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5509776/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27858158 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-016-0620-7 |
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