Cargando…

A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans

Cannabidiol (CBD), a major cannabinoid of hemp, does not bind to CB1 receptors and is therefore devoid of psychotomimetic properties. Under acidic conditions, CBD can be transformed to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids. It has been argued that this may occur also after oral ad...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nahler, Gerhard, Grotenhermen, Franjo, Zuardi, Antonio Waldo, Crippa, José A.S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5510776/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28861507
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/can.2017.0009
_version_ 1783250224657989632
author Nahler, Gerhard
Grotenhermen, Franjo
Zuardi, Antonio Waldo
Crippa, José A.S.
author_facet Nahler, Gerhard
Grotenhermen, Franjo
Zuardi, Antonio Waldo
Crippa, José A.S.
author_sort Nahler, Gerhard
collection PubMed
description Cannabidiol (CBD), a major cannabinoid of hemp, does not bind to CB1 receptors and is therefore devoid of psychotomimetic properties. Under acidic conditions, CBD can be transformed to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids. It has been argued that this may occur also after oral administration in humans. However, the experimental conversion of CBD to THC and delta8-THC in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) is a highly artificial approach that deviates significantly from physiological conditions in the stomach; therefore, SGF does not allow an extrapolation to in vivo conditions. Unsurprisingly, the conversion of oral CBD to THC and its metabolites has not been observed to occur in vivo, even after high doses of oral CBD. In addition, the typical spectrum of side effects of THC, or of the very similar synthetic cannabinoid nabilone, as listed in the official Summary of Product Characteristics (e.g., dizziness, euphoria/high, thinking abnormal/concentration difficulties, nausea, tachycardia) has not been observed after treatment with CBD in double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trials. In conclusion, the conversion of CBD to THC in SGF seems to be an in vitro artifact.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5510776
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-55107762017-08-31 A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans Nahler, Gerhard Grotenhermen, Franjo Zuardi, Antonio Waldo Crippa, José A.S. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res Perspective Cannabidiol (CBD), a major cannabinoid of hemp, does not bind to CB1 receptors and is therefore devoid of psychotomimetic properties. Under acidic conditions, CBD can be transformed to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids. It has been argued that this may occur also after oral administration in humans. However, the experimental conversion of CBD to THC and delta8-THC in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) is a highly artificial approach that deviates significantly from physiological conditions in the stomach; therefore, SGF does not allow an extrapolation to in vivo conditions. Unsurprisingly, the conversion of oral CBD to THC and its metabolites has not been observed to occur in vivo, even after high doses of oral CBD. In addition, the typical spectrum of side effects of THC, or of the very similar synthetic cannabinoid nabilone, as listed in the official Summary of Product Characteristics (e.g., dizziness, euphoria/high, thinking abnormal/concentration difficulties, nausea, tachycardia) has not been observed after treatment with CBD in double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trials. In conclusion, the conversion of CBD to THC in SGF seems to be an in vitro artifact. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017-05-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5510776/ /pubmed/28861507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/can.2017.0009 Text en © Gerhard Nahler et al. 2017; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. offers reprint services for those who want to order professionally produced copies of articles published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. To obtain a price quote, email Reprints@liebertpub.com. Please include the article's title or DOI, quantity, and delivery destination in your email.
spellingShingle Perspective
Nahler, Gerhard
Grotenhermen, Franjo
Zuardi, Antonio Waldo
Crippa, José A.S.
A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans
title A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans
title_full A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans
title_fullStr A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans
title_full_unstemmed A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans
title_short A Conversion of Oral Cannabidiol to Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Seems Not to Occur in Humans
title_sort conversion of oral cannabidiol to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol seems not to occur in humans
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5510776/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28861507
http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/can.2017.0009
work_keys_str_mv AT nahlergerhard aconversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans
AT grotenhermenfranjo aconversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans
AT zuardiantoniowaldo aconversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans
AT crippajoseas aconversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans
AT nahlergerhard conversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans
AT grotenhermenfranjo conversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans
AT zuardiantoniowaldo conversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans
AT crippajoseas conversionoforalcannabidioltodelta9tetrahydrocannabinolseemsnottooccurinhumans