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Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression

Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, constitute an important element of intercellular communication by carrying a variety of molecules from producer to target cells. The transport of mRNA and miRNA can directly modulate gene expression in the target cells. The miRNA content in exosomes is cha...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Czernek, Liliana, Düchler, Markus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101591
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00005-016-0453-3
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author Czernek, Liliana
Düchler, Markus
author_facet Czernek, Liliana
Düchler, Markus
author_sort Czernek, Liliana
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, constitute an important element of intercellular communication by carrying a variety of molecules from producer to target cells. The transport of mRNA and miRNA can directly modulate gene expression in the target cells. The miRNA content in exosomes is characteristic for the cell from which the vesicles were derived enabling the usage of exosomes as biomarkers for the diagnosis various diseases, including cancer. Cancer-derived exosomes support the survival and progression of tumors in many ways and also contribute to the neutralization of the anti-cancer immune response. Exosomes participate in all known mechanisms by which cancer evades the immune system. They influence the differentiation and activation of immune suppressor cells, they modulate antigen presentation, and are able to induce T-cell apoptosis. Although cancer-derived exosomes mainly suppress the immune system and facilitate tumor progression, they are also important sources of tumor antigens with potential clinical application in stimulating immune responses. This review summarizes how exosomes assist cancer to escape immune recognition and to acquire control over the immune system.
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spelling pubmed-55113062017-07-31 Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression Czernek, Liliana Düchler, Markus Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) Review Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, constitute an important element of intercellular communication by carrying a variety of molecules from producer to target cells. The transport of mRNA and miRNA can directly modulate gene expression in the target cells. The miRNA content in exosomes is characteristic for the cell from which the vesicles were derived enabling the usage of exosomes as biomarkers for the diagnosis various diseases, including cancer. Cancer-derived exosomes support the survival and progression of tumors in many ways and also contribute to the neutralization of the anti-cancer immune response. Exosomes participate in all known mechanisms by which cancer evades the immune system. They influence the differentiation and activation of immune suppressor cells, they modulate antigen presentation, and are able to induce T-cell apoptosis. Although cancer-derived exosomes mainly suppress the immune system and facilitate tumor progression, they are also important sources of tumor antigens with potential clinical application in stimulating immune responses. This review summarizes how exosomes assist cancer to escape immune recognition and to acquire control over the immune system. Springer International Publishing 2017-01-18 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5511306/ /pubmed/28101591 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00005-016-0453-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Review
Czernek, Liliana
Düchler, Markus
Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression
title Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression
title_full Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression
title_fullStr Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression
title_full_unstemmed Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression
title_short Functions of Cancer-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immunosuppression
title_sort functions of cancer-derived extracellular vesicles in immunosuppression
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28101591
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00005-016-0453-3
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