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Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions
Host-microbe interactions are influenced by complex host genetics and environment. Studies across animal taxa have aided our understanding of how intestinal microbiota influence vertebrate development, disease, and physiology. However, traditional mammalian studies can be limited by the use of isoge...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5512220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00868-16 |
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author | Lescak, Emily A. Milligan-Myhre, Kathryn C. |
author_facet | Lescak, Emily A. Milligan-Myhre, Kathryn C. |
author_sort | Lescak, Emily A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Host-microbe interactions are influenced by complex host genetics and environment. Studies across animal taxa have aided our understanding of how intestinal microbiota influence vertebrate development, disease, and physiology. However, traditional mammalian studies can be limited by the use of isogenic strains, husbandry constraints that result in small sample sizes and limited statistical power, reliance on indirect characterization of gut microbial communities from fecal samples, and concerns of whether observations in artificial conditions are actually reflective of what occurs in the wild. Fish models are able to overcome many of these limitations. The extensive variation in the physiology, ecology, and natural history of fish enriches studies of the evolution and ecology of host-microbe interactions. They share physiological and immunological features common among vertebrates, including humans, and harbor complex gut microbiota, which allows identification of the mechanisms driving microbial community assembly. Their accelerated life cycles and large clutch sizes and the ease of sampling both internal and external microbial communities make them particularly well suited for robust statistical studies of microbial diversity. Gnotobiotic techniques, genetic manipulation of the microbiota and host, and transparent juveniles enable novel insights into mechanisms underlying development of the digestive tract and disease states. Many diseases involve a complex combination of genes which are difficult to manipulate in homogeneous model organisms. By taking advantage of the natural genetic variation found in wild fish populations, as well as of the availability of powerful genetic tools, future studies should be able to identify conserved genes and pathways that contribute to human genetic diseases characterized by dysbiosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5512220 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55122202017-07-31 Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions Lescak, Emily A. Milligan-Myhre, Kathryn C. J Bacteriol Meeting Review Host-microbe interactions are influenced by complex host genetics and environment. Studies across animal taxa have aided our understanding of how intestinal microbiota influence vertebrate development, disease, and physiology. However, traditional mammalian studies can be limited by the use of isogenic strains, husbandry constraints that result in small sample sizes and limited statistical power, reliance on indirect characterization of gut microbial communities from fecal samples, and concerns of whether observations in artificial conditions are actually reflective of what occurs in the wild. Fish models are able to overcome many of these limitations. The extensive variation in the physiology, ecology, and natural history of fish enriches studies of the evolution and ecology of host-microbe interactions. They share physiological and immunological features common among vertebrates, including humans, and harbor complex gut microbiota, which allows identification of the mechanisms driving microbial community assembly. Their accelerated life cycles and large clutch sizes and the ease of sampling both internal and external microbial communities make them particularly well suited for robust statistical studies of microbial diversity. Gnotobiotic techniques, genetic manipulation of the microbiota and host, and transparent juveniles enable novel insights into mechanisms underlying development of the digestive tract and disease states. Many diseases involve a complex combination of genes which are difficult to manipulate in homogeneous model organisms. By taking advantage of the natural genetic variation found in wild fish populations, as well as of the availability of powerful genetic tools, future studies should be able to identify conserved genes and pathways that contribute to human genetic diseases characterized by dysbiosis. American Society for Microbiology 2017-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5512220/ /pubmed/28439034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00868-16 Text en Copyright © 2017 Lescak and Milligan-Myhre. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Meeting Review Lescak, Emily A. Milligan-Myhre, Kathryn C. Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions |
title | Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions |
title_full | Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions |
title_fullStr | Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions |
title_full_unstemmed | Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions |
title_short | Teleosts as Model Organisms To Understand Host-Microbe Interactions |
title_sort | teleosts as model organisms to understand host-microbe interactions |
topic | Meeting Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5512220/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439034 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.00868-16 |
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