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Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes
Tephra deposits result from explosive volcanic eruption and serve as indirect probes into fragmentation processes operating in subsurface volcanic conduits. Primary magmatic fragmentation creates a population of pyroclasts through volatile-driven decompression during conduit ascent. In this study, w...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514120/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28717134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05450-6 |
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author | Jones, T. J. Russell, J. K. |
author_facet | Jones, T. J. Russell, J. K. |
author_sort | Jones, T. J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tephra deposits result from explosive volcanic eruption and serve as indirect probes into fragmentation processes operating in subsurface volcanic conduits. Primary magmatic fragmentation creates a population of pyroclasts through volatile-driven decompression during conduit ascent. In this study, we explore the role that secondary fragmentation, specifically attrition, has in transforming primary pyroclasts upon transport in volcanic conduits and plumes. We utilize total grain size distributions from a suite of natural and experimentally produced tephra to show that attrition is likely to occur in all explosive volcanic eruptions. Our experimental results indicate that fine ash production and surface area generation is fast (<15 min) thereby rapidly raising the fractal dimension of tephra deposits. Furthermore, a new metric, the Entropy of Information, is introduced to quantify the degree of attrition (secondary fragmentation) from grain size data. Attrition elevates fine ash production which, in turn, has consequences for eruption column stability, tephra dispersal, aggregation, volcanic lightening generation, and has concomitant effects on aviation safety and Earth’s climate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5514120 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55141202017-07-19 Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes Jones, T. J. Russell, J. K. Sci Rep Article Tephra deposits result from explosive volcanic eruption and serve as indirect probes into fragmentation processes operating in subsurface volcanic conduits. Primary magmatic fragmentation creates a population of pyroclasts through volatile-driven decompression during conduit ascent. In this study, we explore the role that secondary fragmentation, specifically attrition, has in transforming primary pyroclasts upon transport in volcanic conduits and plumes. We utilize total grain size distributions from a suite of natural and experimentally produced tephra to show that attrition is likely to occur in all explosive volcanic eruptions. Our experimental results indicate that fine ash production and surface area generation is fast (<15 min) thereby rapidly raising the fractal dimension of tephra deposits. Furthermore, a new metric, the Entropy of Information, is introduced to quantify the degree of attrition (secondary fragmentation) from grain size data. Attrition elevates fine ash production which, in turn, has consequences for eruption column stability, tephra dispersal, aggregation, volcanic lightening generation, and has concomitant effects on aviation safety and Earth’s climate. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC5514120/ /pubmed/28717134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05450-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Jones, T. J. Russell, J. K. Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes |
title | Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes |
title_full | Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes |
title_fullStr | Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes |
title_full_unstemmed | Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes |
title_short | Ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes |
title_sort | ash production by attrition in volcanic conduits and plumes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5514120/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28717134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05450-6 |
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