Morphology Transition Engineering of ZnO Nanorods to Nanoplatelets Grafted Mo(8)O(23)-MoO(2) by Polyoxometalates: Mechanism and Possible Applicability to other Oxides

A new fundamental mechanism for reliable engineering of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods to nanoplatelets grafted Mo(8)O(23)-MoO(2) mixed oxide with controlled morphology, composition and precise understanding of the nanoscale reaction mechanism was developed. These hybrid nanomaterials are gaining interest due to their potential use for energy, catalysis, biomedical and other applications. As an introductory section, we demonstrate a new expansion for the concept ‘materials engineering’ by discussing the fabrication of metal oxides nanostructures by bottom-up approach and carbon nanoparticles by top-down approach. Moreover, we propose a detailed mechanism for the novel phenomenon that was experienced by ZnO nanorods when treated with phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) under ultra-sonication stimulus. This approach is expected to be the basis of a competitive fabrication approach to 2D hybrid nanostructures. We will also discuss a proposed mechanism for the catalytic deposition of Mo(8)O(23)-MoO(2) mixed oxide over ZnO nanoplatelets. A series of selection rules (SRs) which applied to ZnO to experience morphology transition and constitute theory for morphology transition engineering (TMTE) will be demonstrated through the article, besides a brief discussion about possibility of other oxides to obey this theory.