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Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of the illegal entry of food in UE in the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) spread. We studied the prevalence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA isolated from foods of animal origin confiscated from passengers on flights...

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Autores principales: Rodríguez-Lázaro, David, Oniciuc, Elena-Alexandra, García, Patricia G., Gallego, David, Fernández-Natal, Isabel, Dominguez-Gil, Marta, Eiros-Bouza, José M., Wagner, Martin, Nicolau, Anca I., Hernández, Marta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5519621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28785245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01344
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author Rodríguez-Lázaro, David
Oniciuc, Elena-Alexandra
García, Patricia G.
Gallego, David
Fernández-Natal, Isabel
Dominguez-Gil, Marta
Eiros-Bouza, José M.
Wagner, Martin
Nicolau, Anca I.
Hernández, Marta
author_facet Rodríguez-Lázaro, David
Oniciuc, Elena-Alexandra
García, Patricia G.
Gallego, David
Fernández-Natal, Isabel
Dominguez-Gil, Marta
Eiros-Bouza, José M.
Wagner, Martin
Nicolau, Anca I.
Hernández, Marta
author_sort Rodríguez-Lázaro, David
collection PubMed
description The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of the illegal entry of food in UE in the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) spread. We studied the prevalence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA isolated from foods of animal origin confiscated from passengers on flights from 45 non-EU countries from 2012 to 2015 by the Border Authorities at Bilbao International Airport (Spain) and Vienna International Airport (Austria), as well as foods from open markets close to EU land borders. Of 868 food samples tested (diverse meat samples including antelope, duck, guinea pig, pork, rodents, turkey, dairy products, and eggs), 136 (15.7%) were positive for S. aureus and 26 (3.0%) for MRSA. All MRSA strains were mecA-positive. The prevalence of S. aureus-positive dairy samples among food confiscated at Bilbao International Airport was 64.6%, and this airport also had the highest value (11.8%) for MRSA-positive samples. The predominant sequence type was ST5 (30.8%), followed by ST8, ST1649, ST1, and other lineages were found to a lesser extent (ST7, ST22, ST72, ST97, and ST398). Six isolates tested positive for luk-PVL genes (SCCmec IV subtypes IVc and IVe). Enterotoxin profiling revealed that 19 MRSA strains were enterotoxigenic, harboring one or more se genes. The MRSA isolates positive for luk-PVL genes were not enterotoxigenic, and none of the isolates tested positive for enterotoxin E. We found 14 resistance profiles, and more than 69% of the MRSA isolates were resistant to three or more types of antimicrobial agents. This finding reveals both the wide diversity of the antimicrobial resistance found in the strains and the capacity to resist not only to beta-lactam drugs. One MRSA strain showed unusual characteristics: it was oxacillin-susceptible, harbored SCCmec V, and was positive for sed, seg, and sej but negative for PVL virulence factors. This study shows the presence of enterotoxigenic HA-, CA-, and LA-MRSA in foods illegally entering the EU, and highlights illegal importation of food as route of enterotoxigenic MRSA spread. Uncontrolled entry of food stuffs into the EU can be a relevant neglected route of MRSA dissemination.
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spelling pubmed-55196212017-08-07 Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders Rodríguez-Lázaro, David Oniciuc, Elena-Alexandra García, Patricia G. Gallego, David Fernández-Natal, Isabel Dominguez-Gil, Marta Eiros-Bouza, José M. Wagner, Martin Nicolau, Anca I. Hernández, Marta Front Microbiol Microbiology The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of the illegal entry of food in UE in the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) spread. We studied the prevalence and characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA isolated from foods of animal origin confiscated from passengers on flights from 45 non-EU countries from 2012 to 2015 by the Border Authorities at Bilbao International Airport (Spain) and Vienna International Airport (Austria), as well as foods from open markets close to EU land borders. Of 868 food samples tested (diverse meat samples including antelope, duck, guinea pig, pork, rodents, turkey, dairy products, and eggs), 136 (15.7%) were positive for S. aureus and 26 (3.0%) for MRSA. All MRSA strains were mecA-positive. The prevalence of S. aureus-positive dairy samples among food confiscated at Bilbao International Airport was 64.6%, and this airport also had the highest value (11.8%) for MRSA-positive samples. The predominant sequence type was ST5 (30.8%), followed by ST8, ST1649, ST1, and other lineages were found to a lesser extent (ST7, ST22, ST72, ST97, and ST398). Six isolates tested positive for luk-PVL genes (SCCmec IV subtypes IVc and IVe). Enterotoxin profiling revealed that 19 MRSA strains were enterotoxigenic, harboring one or more se genes. The MRSA isolates positive for luk-PVL genes were not enterotoxigenic, and none of the isolates tested positive for enterotoxin E. We found 14 resistance profiles, and more than 69% of the MRSA isolates were resistant to three or more types of antimicrobial agents. This finding reveals both the wide diversity of the antimicrobial resistance found in the strains and the capacity to resist not only to beta-lactam drugs. One MRSA strain showed unusual characteristics: it was oxacillin-susceptible, harbored SCCmec V, and was positive for sed, seg, and sej but negative for PVL virulence factors. This study shows the presence of enterotoxigenic HA-, CA-, and LA-MRSA in foods illegally entering the EU, and highlights illegal importation of food as route of enterotoxigenic MRSA spread. Uncontrolled entry of food stuffs into the EU can be a relevant neglected route of MRSA dissemination. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5519621/ /pubmed/28785245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01344 Text en Copyright © 2017 Rodríguez-Lázaro, Oniciuc, García, Gallego, Fernández-Natal, Dominguez-Gil, Eiros-Bouza, Wagner, Nicolau and Hernández. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Rodríguez-Lázaro, David
Oniciuc, Elena-Alexandra
García, Patricia G.
Gallego, David
Fernández-Natal, Isabel
Dominguez-Gil, Marta
Eiros-Bouza, José M.
Wagner, Martin
Nicolau, Anca I.
Hernández, Marta
Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders
title Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders
title_full Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders
title_fullStr Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders
title_full_unstemmed Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders
title_short Detection and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus in Foods Confiscated in EU Borders
title_sort detection and characterization of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant s. aureus in foods confiscated in eu borders
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5519621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28785245
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01344
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