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International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate
BACKGROUND: This report describes a large international chocolate-associated Salmonella outbreak originating from Germany. METHODS: We conducted epidemiologic investigations including a case-control study, and food safety investigations. Salmonella (S.) Oranienburg isolates were subtyped by the use...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2005
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC552305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15691371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-7 |
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author | Werber, Dirk Dreesman, Johannes Feil, Fabian van Treeck, Ulrich Fell, Gerhard Ethelberg, Steen Hauri, Anja M Roggentin, Peter Prager, Rita Fisher, Ian ST Behnke, Susanne C Bartelt, Edda Weise, Ekkehard Ellis, Andrea Siitonen, Anja Andersson, Yvonne Tschäpe, Helmut Kramer, Michael H Ammon, Andrea |
author_facet | Werber, Dirk Dreesman, Johannes Feil, Fabian van Treeck, Ulrich Fell, Gerhard Ethelberg, Steen Hauri, Anja M Roggentin, Peter Prager, Rita Fisher, Ian ST Behnke, Susanne C Bartelt, Edda Weise, Ekkehard Ellis, Andrea Siitonen, Anja Andersson, Yvonne Tschäpe, Helmut Kramer, Michael H Ammon, Andrea |
author_sort | Werber, Dirk |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: This report describes a large international chocolate-associated Salmonella outbreak originating from Germany. METHODS: We conducted epidemiologic investigations including a case-control study, and food safety investigations. Salmonella (S.) Oranienburg isolates were subtyped by the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: From 1 October 2001 through 24 March 2002, an estimated excess of 439 S. Oranienburg notifications was registered in Germany. Simultaneously, an increase in S. Oranienburg infections was noted in other European countries in the Enter-net surveillance network. In a multistate matched case-control study in Germany, daily consumption of chocolate (matched odds ratio [MOR]: 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–26.5), having shopped at a large chain of discount grocery stores (MOR: 4.2; CI: 1.2–23.0), and consumption of chocolate purchased there (MOR: 5.0; CI: 1.1–47.0) were associated with illness. Subsequently, two brands from the same company, one exclusively produced for that chain, tested positive for S. Oranienburg. In two other European countries and in Canada chocolate from company A was ascertained that also contained S. Oranienburg. Isolates from humans and from chocolates had indistinguishable PFGE profiles. No source or point of contamination was identified. Epidemiological identification of chocolate as a vehicle of infections required two months, and was facilitated by proxy measures. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the use of improved production technologies, the chocolate industry continues to carry a small risk of manufacturing Salmonella-containing products. Particularly in diffuse outbreak-settings, clear associations with surrogates of exposure should suffice to trigger public health action. Networks such as Enter-net have become invaluable for facilitating rapid and appropriate management of international outbreaks. |
format | Text |
id | pubmed-552305 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2005 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-5523052005-03-06 International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate Werber, Dirk Dreesman, Johannes Feil, Fabian van Treeck, Ulrich Fell, Gerhard Ethelberg, Steen Hauri, Anja M Roggentin, Peter Prager, Rita Fisher, Ian ST Behnke, Susanne C Bartelt, Edda Weise, Ekkehard Ellis, Andrea Siitonen, Anja Andersson, Yvonne Tschäpe, Helmut Kramer, Michael H Ammon, Andrea BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: This report describes a large international chocolate-associated Salmonella outbreak originating from Germany. METHODS: We conducted epidemiologic investigations including a case-control study, and food safety investigations. Salmonella (S.) Oranienburg isolates were subtyped by the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: From 1 October 2001 through 24 March 2002, an estimated excess of 439 S. Oranienburg notifications was registered in Germany. Simultaneously, an increase in S. Oranienburg infections was noted in other European countries in the Enter-net surveillance network. In a multistate matched case-control study in Germany, daily consumption of chocolate (matched odds ratio [MOR]: 4.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–26.5), having shopped at a large chain of discount grocery stores (MOR: 4.2; CI: 1.2–23.0), and consumption of chocolate purchased there (MOR: 5.0; CI: 1.1–47.0) were associated with illness. Subsequently, two brands from the same company, one exclusively produced for that chain, tested positive for S. Oranienburg. In two other European countries and in Canada chocolate from company A was ascertained that also contained S. Oranienburg. Isolates from humans and from chocolates had indistinguishable PFGE profiles. No source or point of contamination was identified. Epidemiological identification of chocolate as a vehicle of infections required two months, and was facilitated by proxy measures. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the use of improved production technologies, the chocolate industry continues to carry a small risk of manufacturing Salmonella-containing products. Particularly in diffuse outbreak-settings, clear associations with surrogates of exposure should suffice to trigger public health action. Networks such as Enter-net have become invaluable for facilitating rapid and appropriate management of international outbreaks. BioMed Central 2005-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC552305/ /pubmed/15691371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-7 Text en Copyright © 2005 Werber et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Werber, Dirk Dreesman, Johannes Feil, Fabian van Treeck, Ulrich Fell, Gerhard Ethelberg, Steen Hauri, Anja M Roggentin, Peter Prager, Rita Fisher, Ian ST Behnke, Susanne C Bartelt, Edda Weise, Ekkehard Ellis, Andrea Siitonen, Anja Andersson, Yvonne Tschäpe, Helmut Kramer, Michael H Ammon, Andrea International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate |
title | International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate |
title_full | International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate |
title_fullStr | International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate |
title_full_unstemmed | International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate |
title_short | International outbreak of Salmonella Oranienburg due to German chocolate |
title_sort | international outbreak of salmonella oranienburg due to german chocolate |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC552305/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15691371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-5-7 |
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