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Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data

BACKGROUND: Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It remains one of the leading causes of deformity and physical disability. OBJECTIVE: We analysed laboratory records to assess trends in prevalence rates and case detection rates (CDRs) in Rwan...

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Autores principales: Uwimana, Innocent, Bizimungu, Nestor, Ingabire, Fabrice, Mukamukwiye, Elyse, Sharangabo, Odette, Ngabonziza, Semuto C., Kamanzi, Elaine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AOSIS 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5523925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28879146
http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v6i1.426
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author Uwimana, Innocent
Bizimungu, Nestor
Ingabire, Fabrice
Mukamukwiye, Elyse
Sharangabo, Odette
Ngabonziza, Semuto C.
Kamanzi, Elaine
author_facet Uwimana, Innocent
Bizimungu, Nestor
Ingabire, Fabrice
Mukamukwiye, Elyse
Sharangabo, Odette
Ngabonziza, Semuto C.
Kamanzi, Elaine
author_sort Uwimana, Innocent
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It remains one of the leading causes of deformity and physical disability. OBJECTIVE: We analysed laboratory records to assess trends in prevalence rates and case detection rates (CDRs) in Rwanda. METHODS: A retrospective review of detected leprosy cases from the records of the Rwanda National Reference Laboratory over a 17-year period (1995–2011) was conducted. Skin biopsy samples were analysed microscopically using Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique to identify M. leprae. RESULTS: Cumulatively, 266 suspected cases were reported between 1995 and 2011. Of the suspected cases, 77 (28.9%) were laboratory confirmed as having leprosy. Among detected cases, 59 (76.6%) were men and 18 (23.4%) women. The male:female ratio was 3:1. There were 77 registered leprosy cases over the 17-year period of the study, and the prevalence rate was 0.005 per 10 000 population. A gradual decrease in the prevalence rate was observed from 0.015 per 10 000 population in 2003 to 0.003 per 10 000 population in 2010. From 1995 to 2011, the CDR did not exceed one per 10 000 population. CONCLUSION: This laboratory review demonstrates a declining trend in prevalence rates and CDR during the period of the study. Early case detection and a sustainable leprosy control programme remain the cornerstones of reducing the physical and socio-economic burden of leprosy in Rwanda.
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spelling pubmed-55239252017-09-06 Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data Uwimana, Innocent Bizimungu, Nestor Ingabire, Fabrice Mukamukwiye, Elyse Sharangabo, Odette Ngabonziza, Semuto C. Kamanzi, Elaine Afr J Lab Med Original Research BACKGROUND: Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It remains one of the leading causes of deformity and physical disability. OBJECTIVE: We analysed laboratory records to assess trends in prevalence rates and case detection rates (CDRs) in Rwanda. METHODS: A retrospective review of detected leprosy cases from the records of the Rwanda National Reference Laboratory over a 17-year period (1995–2011) was conducted. Skin biopsy samples were analysed microscopically using Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique to identify M. leprae. RESULTS: Cumulatively, 266 suspected cases were reported between 1995 and 2011. Of the suspected cases, 77 (28.9%) were laboratory confirmed as having leprosy. Among detected cases, 59 (76.6%) were men and 18 (23.4%) women. The male:female ratio was 3:1. There were 77 registered leprosy cases over the 17-year period of the study, and the prevalence rate was 0.005 per 10 000 population. A gradual decrease in the prevalence rate was observed from 0.015 per 10 000 population in 2003 to 0.003 per 10 000 population in 2010. From 1995 to 2011, the CDR did not exceed one per 10 000 population. CONCLUSION: This laboratory review demonstrates a declining trend in prevalence rates and CDR during the period of the study. Early case detection and a sustainable leprosy control programme remain the cornerstones of reducing the physical and socio-economic burden of leprosy in Rwanda. AOSIS 2017-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5523925/ /pubmed/28879146 http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v6i1.426 Text en © 2017. The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ Licensee: AOSIS. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
spellingShingle Original Research
Uwimana, Innocent
Bizimungu, Nestor
Ingabire, Fabrice
Mukamukwiye, Elyse
Sharangabo, Odette
Ngabonziza, Semuto C.
Kamanzi, Elaine
Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data
title Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data
title_full Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data
title_fullStr Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data
title_full_unstemmed Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data
title_short Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data
title_sort trends in leprosy case detection in rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5523925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28879146
http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v6i1.426
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