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Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma

Asthma exacerbation can be a life-threatening condition, and is most often triggered by common respiratory viruses. Poor asthma control and worsening of respiratory function is associated with increased airway inflammation, including eosinophilia. Prevention of asthma exacerbation relies on treatmen...

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Autores principales: Skappak, Christopher, Ilarraza, Ramses, Wu, Ying-qi, Drake, Matthew G., Adamko, Darryl J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5524340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28742120
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181425
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author Skappak, Christopher
Ilarraza, Ramses
Wu, Ying-qi
Drake, Matthew G.
Adamko, Darryl J.
author_facet Skappak, Christopher
Ilarraza, Ramses
Wu, Ying-qi
Drake, Matthew G.
Adamko, Darryl J.
author_sort Skappak, Christopher
collection PubMed
description Asthma exacerbation can be a life-threatening condition, and is most often triggered by common respiratory viruses. Poor asthma control and worsening of respiratory function is associated with increased airway inflammation, including eosinophilia. Prevention of asthma exacerbation relies on treatment with corticosteroids, which preferentially inhibit allergic inflammation like eosinophils. Human studies demonstrate that inactivated virus can trigger eosinophil activation in vitro through antigen presentation and memory CD4+ lymphocytes. We hypothesized that animals with immunologic memory to a respiratory virus would also develop airway hyperresponsiveness in response to a UV-inactivated form of the virus if they have pre-existing allergic airway inflammation. Guinea pigs were ovalbumin-sensitized, infected with live parainfluenza virus (PIV), aerosol-challenged with ovalbumin, and then re-inoculated 60 days later with live or UV-inactivated PIV. Some animals were either treated with dexamethasone prior to the second viral exposure. Lymphocytes were isolated from parabronchial lymph nodes to confirm immunologic memory to the virus. Airway reactivity was measured and inflammation was assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage and lung histology. The induction of viral immunologic memory was confirmed in infected animals. Allergen sensitized and challenged animals developed airway hyperreactivity with eosinophilic airway inflammation when re-exposed to UV-inactivated PIV, while non-sensitized animals did not. Airway hyperreactivity in the sensitized animals was inhibited by pre-treatment with dexamethasone. We suggest that the response of allergic inflammation to virus antigen is a significant factor causing asthma exacerbation. We propose that this is one mechanism explaining how corticosteroids prevent virus-induced asthma attack.
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spelling pubmed-55243402017-08-07 Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma Skappak, Christopher Ilarraza, Ramses Wu, Ying-qi Drake, Matthew G. Adamko, Darryl J. PLoS One Research Article Asthma exacerbation can be a life-threatening condition, and is most often triggered by common respiratory viruses. Poor asthma control and worsening of respiratory function is associated with increased airway inflammation, including eosinophilia. Prevention of asthma exacerbation relies on treatment with corticosteroids, which preferentially inhibit allergic inflammation like eosinophils. Human studies demonstrate that inactivated virus can trigger eosinophil activation in vitro through antigen presentation and memory CD4+ lymphocytes. We hypothesized that animals with immunologic memory to a respiratory virus would also develop airway hyperresponsiveness in response to a UV-inactivated form of the virus if they have pre-existing allergic airway inflammation. Guinea pigs were ovalbumin-sensitized, infected with live parainfluenza virus (PIV), aerosol-challenged with ovalbumin, and then re-inoculated 60 days later with live or UV-inactivated PIV. Some animals were either treated with dexamethasone prior to the second viral exposure. Lymphocytes were isolated from parabronchial lymph nodes to confirm immunologic memory to the virus. Airway reactivity was measured and inflammation was assessed using bronchoalveolar lavage and lung histology. The induction of viral immunologic memory was confirmed in infected animals. Allergen sensitized and challenged animals developed airway hyperreactivity with eosinophilic airway inflammation when re-exposed to UV-inactivated PIV, while non-sensitized animals did not. Airway hyperreactivity in the sensitized animals was inhibited by pre-treatment with dexamethasone. We suggest that the response of allergic inflammation to virus antigen is a significant factor causing asthma exacerbation. We propose that this is one mechanism explaining how corticosteroids prevent virus-induced asthma attack. Public Library of Science 2017-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5524340/ /pubmed/28742120 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181425 Text en © 2017 Skappak et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Skappak, Christopher
Ilarraza, Ramses
Wu, Ying-qi
Drake, Matthew G.
Adamko, Darryl J.
Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma
title Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma
title_full Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma
title_fullStr Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma
title_full_unstemmed Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma
title_short Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma
title_sort virus-induced asthma attack: the importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5524340/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28742120
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181425
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