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Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations
In Valencia Region (Spain), some wild and cultivated sages are used for medicinal purposes. Among them, Salvia officinalis subsp. lavandulifolia (SL) is widely employed and known for production of Spanish sage oil and herbal products. Nevertheless, it shares the market with S. blancoana subsp. mario...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5524814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28790914 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00467 |
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author | Martínez-Francés, Vanessa Hahn, Emeline Ríos, Segundo Rivera, Diego Reich, Eike Vila, Roser Cañigueral, Salvador |
author_facet | Martínez-Francés, Vanessa Hahn, Emeline Ríos, Segundo Rivera, Diego Reich, Eike Vila, Roser Cañigueral, Salvador |
author_sort | Martínez-Francés, Vanessa |
collection | PubMed |
description | In Valencia Region (Spain), some wild and cultivated sages are used for medicinal purposes. Among them, Salvia officinalis subsp. lavandulifolia (SL) is widely employed and known for production of Spanish sage oil and herbal products. Nevertheless, it shares the market with S. blancoana subsp. mariolensis (SB) and, to a lesser extent, with their hybrid S. x hegelmaieri (SH). The knowledge on these two species is far low and confusion between them is possible. The aim of the present paper is to improve the ethnopharmacological, morphological and chemical knowledge of these sages, and to contribute to setting up quality specifications for improving identification and distinction from other Salvia species, such as, S. officinalis subsp. officinalis, S. x auriculata and S. microphylla var. microphylla. Samples were collected in Valencia Region and surrounding mountain areas during the ethnopharmacological field work. Twenty-nine medicinal uses were reported for SL, 13 of them being also recorded for SB. Of particular interest is a homemade liquor, used as digestive and known as “salvieta,” which is mainly prepared with SB. The macro- and microscopic characters are insufficient for identification of cut, crushed or powdered material. The study of the essential oil and a HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprint of their extracts could help to distinguish SB from the other sages. The essential oil from dried aerial parts of SB (content: 1.8–4.5%) was characterized by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry) showing a composition close to that currently accepted for Spanish sage essential oil in the European Pharmacopoeia, ISO (International Standard Organization) and UNE (Una Norma Española) standards, with 1,8-cineole (13.7–45.7%) and camphor (12.1–28.6%) as major constituents. HPTLC methods, based on the analysis of hydroalcoholic and dichloromethane extracts, allowed to distinguish SB from other Salvia taxa currently found in Valencia region, except from its hybrid SH. This interdisciplinary study, that combines popular knowledge with botany and chemistry, allows to identify the raw herbal material from SB and to distinguish it from other Salvia species, ensuring a proper commercialization as herbal teas or for the preparation of spirits. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5524814 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55248142017-08-08 Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations Martínez-Francés, Vanessa Hahn, Emeline Ríos, Segundo Rivera, Diego Reich, Eike Vila, Roser Cañigueral, Salvador Front Pharmacol Pharmacology In Valencia Region (Spain), some wild and cultivated sages are used for medicinal purposes. Among them, Salvia officinalis subsp. lavandulifolia (SL) is widely employed and known for production of Spanish sage oil and herbal products. Nevertheless, it shares the market with S. blancoana subsp. mariolensis (SB) and, to a lesser extent, with their hybrid S. x hegelmaieri (SH). The knowledge on these two species is far low and confusion between them is possible. The aim of the present paper is to improve the ethnopharmacological, morphological and chemical knowledge of these sages, and to contribute to setting up quality specifications for improving identification and distinction from other Salvia species, such as, S. officinalis subsp. officinalis, S. x auriculata and S. microphylla var. microphylla. Samples were collected in Valencia Region and surrounding mountain areas during the ethnopharmacological field work. Twenty-nine medicinal uses were reported for SL, 13 of them being also recorded for SB. Of particular interest is a homemade liquor, used as digestive and known as “salvieta,” which is mainly prepared with SB. The macro- and microscopic characters are insufficient for identification of cut, crushed or powdered material. The study of the essential oil and a HPTLC (High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) fingerprint of their extracts could help to distinguish SB from the other sages. The essential oil from dried aerial parts of SB (content: 1.8–4.5%) was characterized by GC-FID (Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry) showing a composition close to that currently accepted for Spanish sage essential oil in the European Pharmacopoeia, ISO (International Standard Organization) and UNE (Una Norma Española) standards, with 1,8-cineole (13.7–45.7%) and camphor (12.1–28.6%) as major constituents. HPTLC methods, based on the analysis of hydroalcoholic and dichloromethane extracts, allowed to distinguish SB from other Salvia taxa currently found in Valencia region, except from its hybrid SH. This interdisciplinary study, that combines popular knowledge with botany and chemistry, allows to identify the raw herbal material from SB and to distinguish it from other Salvia species, ensuring a proper commercialization as herbal teas or for the preparation of spirits. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC5524814/ /pubmed/28790914 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00467 Text en Copyright © 2017 Martínez-Francés, Hahn, Ríos, Rivera, Reich, Vila and Cañigueral. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Pharmacology Martínez-Francés, Vanessa Hahn, Emeline Ríos, Segundo Rivera, Diego Reich, Eike Vila, Roser Cañigueral, Salvador Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations |
title | Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations |
title_full | Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations |
title_fullStr | Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations |
title_full_unstemmed | Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations |
title_short | Ethnopharmacological and Chemical Characterization of Salvia Species Used in Valencian Traditional Herbal Preparations |
title_sort | ethnopharmacological and chemical characterization of salvia species used in valencian traditional herbal preparations |
topic | Pharmacology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5524814/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28790914 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00467 |
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