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How to effectively manage myopia
Myopia has become epidemic in the world. Without effective control, the progression may lead to excessive myopia with severe complications affecting vision and ocular alignment. The genetic factors and environmental factors of myopia are closely interrelated to each other. Asian ethnicity and parent...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5525606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018754 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_24_17 |
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author | Chuang, Ann Yi-Chiun |
author_facet | Chuang, Ann Yi-Chiun |
author_sort | Chuang, Ann Yi-Chiun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Myopia has become epidemic in the world. Without effective control, the progression may lead to excessive myopia with severe complications affecting vision and ocular alignment. The genetic factors and environmental factors of myopia are closely interrelated to each other. Asian ethnicity and parental myopia, among other genetic factors, influence the refractive outcome dramatically when environmental risk factors such as hours of near work and reading distance are analyzed. Outdoor activities are protective measures that retard myopia progression. Total time under the sun and not the specific outdoor activities are contributing factors. Current effective treatments for myopia include atropine of high, moderate, and low doses, relative peripheral myopia-inducing devices, and bifocal spectacles including prism bifocal spectacle lenses. Although atropine is considered highly effective in randomized controlled trials, it is not well tolerated in a clinical setting, especially in high dosage. Since the severity of rebound effect of atropine after cessation of usage and the side effects are directly related to the concentration of the medication, it is recommended that low-dose atropine is used in the initial attempt. Higher concentration for better control can be considered when compliance is observed. Devices that induce relative peripheral myopia such as orthokeratology are moderately effective interventions that are well accepted by children who wish to be spectacle free. Bifocal spectacles generally have low effect in myopia control. Prism bifocal spectacle lenses may have a special niche in myopia retardation for patients with low lags of accommodation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5525606 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55256062017-10-10 How to effectively manage myopia Chuang, Ann Yi-Chiun Taiwan J Ophthalmol Special Report Myopia has become epidemic in the world. Without effective control, the progression may lead to excessive myopia with severe complications affecting vision and ocular alignment. The genetic factors and environmental factors of myopia are closely interrelated to each other. Asian ethnicity and parental myopia, among other genetic factors, influence the refractive outcome dramatically when environmental risk factors such as hours of near work and reading distance are analyzed. Outdoor activities are protective measures that retard myopia progression. Total time under the sun and not the specific outdoor activities are contributing factors. Current effective treatments for myopia include atropine of high, moderate, and low doses, relative peripheral myopia-inducing devices, and bifocal spectacles including prism bifocal spectacle lenses. Although atropine is considered highly effective in randomized controlled trials, it is not well tolerated in a clinical setting, especially in high dosage. Since the severity of rebound effect of atropine after cessation of usage and the side effects are directly related to the concentration of the medication, it is recommended that low-dose atropine is used in the initial attempt. Higher concentration for better control can be considered when compliance is observed. Devices that induce relative peripheral myopia such as orthokeratology are moderately effective interventions that are well accepted by children who wish to be spectacle free. Bifocal spectacles generally have low effect in myopia control. Prism bifocal spectacle lenses may have a special niche in myopia retardation for patients with low lags of accommodation. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5525606/ /pubmed/29018754 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_24_17 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Taiwan J Ophthalmol http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Special Report Chuang, Ann Yi-Chiun How to effectively manage myopia |
title | How to effectively manage myopia |
title_full | How to effectively manage myopia |
title_fullStr | How to effectively manage myopia |
title_full_unstemmed | How to effectively manage myopia |
title_short | How to effectively manage myopia |
title_sort | how to effectively manage myopia |
topic | Special Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5525606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29018754 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/tjo.tjo_24_17 |
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