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Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is effective in treating intimal hyperplasia and promoting plaque stability in animal models. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of SDT with the sonosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) viability and autophagy. Cultured VSMC...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
D.A. Spandidos
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5530015/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28789437 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6394 |
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author | Li, Qingsong Kang, Jian Xiong, Xiaojing Liu, Yan Cao, Wenwu Liu, Ying Li, Yongning |
author_facet | Li, Qingsong Kang, Jian Xiong, Xiaojing Liu, Yan Cao, Wenwu Liu, Ying Li, Yongning |
author_sort | Li, Qingsong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is effective in treating intimal hyperplasia and promoting plaque stability in animal models. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of SDT with the sonosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) viability and autophagy. Cultured VSMCs cells were divided into the following groups: i) Control, ii) ultrasound, iii) PpIX and iv) SDT. Flow cytometry and laser confocal detection were used to measure Annexin V stained VSMCs following different treatments. Alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated via JC-1 staining. Autophagosome formation was observed using electron and fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of the autophagy markers light chain 3 (LC3-I) and LC3-II. The results demonstrated that SDT did not trigger apoptosis nor induce a significant decline in MMP of VSMCs. However, SDT significantly increased autophagasome formation and increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. The findings demonstrated that PpIX-SDT increased autophagy without inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in VSMCs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5530015 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | D.A. Spandidos |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55300152017-08-07 Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells Li, Qingsong Kang, Jian Xiong, Xiaojing Liu, Yan Cao, Wenwu Liu, Ying Li, Yongning Oncol Lett Articles Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is effective in treating intimal hyperplasia and promoting plaque stability in animal models. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of SDT with the sonosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) viability and autophagy. Cultured VSMCs cells were divided into the following groups: i) Control, ii) ultrasound, iii) PpIX and iv) SDT. Flow cytometry and laser confocal detection were used to measure Annexin V stained VSMCs following different treatments. Alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated via JC-1 staining. Autophagosome formation was observed using electron and fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression levels of the autophagy markers light chain 3 (LC3-I) and LC3-II. The results demonstrated that SDT did not trigger apoptosis nor induce a significant decline in MMP of VSMCs. However, SDT significantly increased autophagasome formation and increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. The findings demonstrated that PpIX-SDT increased autophagy without inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in VSMCs. D.A. Spandidos 2017-08 2017-06-16 /pmc/articles/PMC5530015/ /pubmed/28789437 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6394 Text en Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Articles Li, Qingsong Kang, Jian Xiong, Xiaojing Liu, Yan Cao, Wenwu Liu, Ying Li, Yongning Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells |
title | Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells |
title_full | Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells |
title_fullStr | Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells |
title_short | Protoporphyrin IX-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells |
title_sort | protoporphyrin ix-mediated sonodynamic therapy promotes autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5530015/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28789437 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6394 |
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