Prevalence of malaria and associated factors in Benna Tsemay district of pastoralist community, Southern Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: Though the burden of malaria is declining, challenges in control continue globally, regionally and nationally as the transmission of malaria is dynamic and determinants differ by place and time, and across populations. The current level of knowledge on malaria prevalence and associated factors in specific communities, such as pastoralist communities of Ethiopia, is lacking. METHODS: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted among pastoralist communities from December 2011 to January 2012. Background information and peripheral blood samples were collected from 461 randomly selected study participants. Multivariate regression analysis was done to explore the risk factors associated to malaria. RESULT: The prevalence of malaria among 461 examined study participants was 6.1 % (95 % CI = 4.2, 8.5). The infection rate with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax was 64.3 % (95 % CI = 45.5, 80.2) and 21.4 % (95 % CI = 19.8, 54.5), respectively, while mixed infection was 14.3 % (95 % CI = 4.7, 30.9). The infection rate was higher among lactating (22.2 %, 95 % CI =7.5, 45.3) and pregnant (17.6 %, 95 % CI = 4.7, 40.9) women compared with other community groups like infants (12 %). Mosquito net coverage of the study population was 90.1 % with an average of 1.8 per household. Traditional practices related to malaria prevention and treatment were not significantly associated with malaria infection (p > 0.05). Pregnancy (adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 12.6, 95 % CI = 1.7, 94.7) and saving mosquito net for later use (AOR 9.6: 95 % CI = 2.2, 42.8) were independently associated with prevalent malaria infection. CONCLUSION: In spite of high coverage of mosquito nets, prevalence of malaria in this pastoralist community was high, affecting pregnant and lactating women at a higher rate. Pregnancy and saving mosquito nets for later use were identified as the associated risk factors. Health education on prevalence of malaria and knowledge on risk factors might be able to change the health behavior in this pastoralist community which consequently can decrease the malaria morbidity and mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN ISRCTN73824458, Registered 28 September 2014.