Complex object motion represented by context‐dependent correlated activity of visual interneurones

Accurate and adaptive encoding of complex, dynamic visual information is critical for the survival of many animals. Studies across a range of taxa have investigated behavioral and neuronal responses to objects that represent a threat, such as a looming object approaching along a direct collision course. By investigating neural mechanisms of avoidance behaviors through recording multineuronal activity, it is possible to better understand how complex visual information is represented in circuits that ultimately drive behaviors. We used multichannel electrodes to record from the well‐studied locust nervous system to explore how object motion is reflected in activity of correlated neural activity. We presented locusts (Locusta migratoria) with objects that moved along one of 11 unique trajectories and recorded from descending interneurons within the ventral nerve cord. Spike sorting resulted in 405 discriminated units across 20 locusts and we found that 75% of the units responded to some form of object motion. Dimensionality reduction through principal component (PCA) and dynamic factor (DFA) analyses revealed population vector responses within individuals and common firing trends across the pool of discriminated units, respectively. Population vector composition (PCA) varied with the stimulus and common trends (DFA) showed unique tuning related to changes in the visual size and trajectory of the object through time. These findings demonstrate that this well‐described collision detection system is more complex than previously envisioned and will drive future experiments to explore fundamental principles of how visual information is processed through context‐dependent dynamic ensembles of neurons to initiate and control complex behavior.