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Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels
Moray eels (Gymnothorax species) from tropical waters have long been known to be high-risk species, and the consumption of particularly the viscera or ungutted eels can result in severe ciguatera (known as Gymnothorax or moray eel poisoning), characterized by prominent neurological features. In this...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5535148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28672845 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9070201 |
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author | Chan, Thomas Y. K. |
author_facet | Chan, Thomas Y. K. |
author_sort | Chan, Thomas Y. K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Moray eels (Gymnothorax species) from tropical waters have long been known to be high-risk species, and the consumption of particularly the viscera or ungutted eels can result in severe ciguatera (known as Gymnothorax or moray eel poisoning), characterized by prominent neurological features. In this review, the main objective was to describe the risk and severity of ciguatera caused by eating moray eels in different parts of the world. Moray eels can accumulate very high ciguatoxin (CTX) levels in the flesh and particularly the liver. Therefore, even the smaller ones can be toxic and the consumption of an average portion (particularly liver) can result in severe or fatal ciguatera. Moray eels (particularly when ungutted) must never be served in gatherings since they can cause mass poisoning because of their large sizes and high CTX levels. Apart from regulatory measures restricting or excluding access, the public should be repeatedly warned to avoid eating moray eels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5535148 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55351482017-08-04 Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels Chan, Thomas Y. K. Toxins (Basel) Review Moray eels (Gymnothorax species) from tropical waters have long been known to be high-risk species, and the consumption of particularly the viscera or ungutted eels can result in severe ciguatera (known as Gymnothorax or moray eel poisoning), characterized by prominent neurological features. In this review, the main objective was to describe the risk and severity of ciguatera caused by eating moray eels in different parts of the world. Moray eels can accumulate very high ciguatoxin (CTX) levels in the flesh and particularly the liver. Therefore, even the smaller ones can be toxic and the consumption of an average portion (particularly liver) can result in severe or fatal ciguatera. Moray eels (particularly when ungutted) must never be served in gatherings since they can cause mass poisoning because of their large sizes and high CTX levels. Apart from regulatory measures restricting or excluding access, the public should be repeatedly warned to avoid eating moray eels. MDPI 2017-06-26 /pmc/articles/PMC5535148/ /pubmed/28672845 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9070201 Text en © 2017 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Chan, Thomas Y. K. Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels |
title | Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels |
title_full | Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels |
title_fullStr | Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels |
title_full_unstemmed | Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels |
title_short | Regional Variations in the Risk and Severity of Ciguatera Caused by Eating Moray Eels |
title_sort | regional variations in the risk and severity of ciguatera caused by eating moray eels |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5535148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28672845 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins9070201 |
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