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Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam
Microglia remove apoptotic cells by phagocytosis when the central nervous system is injured in vertebrates. Ionizing irradiation (IR) induces apoptosis and microglial activation in embryonic midbrain of medaka (Oryzias latipes), where apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is upregulated in the later phase of acti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5535919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28677658 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071428 |
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author | Yasuda, Takako Kamahori, Miyuki Nagata, Kento Watanabe-Asaka, Tomomi Suzuki, Michiyo Funayama, Tomoo Mitani, Hiroshi Oda, Shoji |
author_facet | Yasuda, Takako Kamahori, Miyuki Nagata, Kento Watanabe-Asaka, Tomomi Suzuki, Michiyo Funayama, Tomoo Mitani, Hiroshi Oda, Shoji |
author_sort | Yasuda, Takako |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microglia remove apoptotic cells by phagocytosis when the central nervous system is injured in vertebrates. Ionizing irradiation (IR) induces apoptosis and microglial activation in embryonic midbrain of medaka (Oryzias latipes), where apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is upregulated in the later phase of activation of microglia In this study, we found that another microglial marker, l-plastin (lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1), was upregulated at the initial phase of the IR-induced phagocytosis when activated microglia changed their morphology and increased motility to migrate. We further conducted targeted irradiation to the embryonic midbrain using a collimated microbeam of carbon ions (250 μm diameter) and found that the l-plastin upregulation was induced only in the microglia located in the irradiated area. Then, the activated microglia might migrate outside of the irradiated area and spread through over the embryonic brain, expressing ApoE and with activated morphology, for longer than 3 days after the irradiation. These findings suggest that l-plastin and ApoE can be the biomarkers of the activated microglia in the initial and later phase, respectively, in the medaka embryonic brain and that the abscopal and persisted activation of microglia by IR irradiation could be a cause of the abscopal and/or adverse effects following irradiation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5535919 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55359192017-08-04 Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam Yasuda, Takako Kamahori, Miyuki Nagata, Kento Watanabe-Asaka, Tomomi Suzuki, Michiyo Funayama, Tomoo Mitani, Hiroshi Oda, Shoji Int J Mol Sci Article Microglia remove apoptotic cells by phagocytosis when the central nervous system is injured in vertebrates. Ionizing irradiation (IR) induces apoptosis and microglial activation in embryonic midbrain of medaka (Oryzias latipes), where apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is upregulated in the later phase of activation of microglia In this study, we found that another microglial marker, l-plastin (lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1), was upregulated at the initial phase of the IR-induced phagocytosis when activated microglia changed their morphology and increased motility to migrate. We further conducted targeted irradiation to the embryonic midbrain using a collimated microbeam of carbon ions (250 μm diameter) and found that the l-plastin upregulation was induced only in the microglia located in the irradiated area. Then, the activated microglia might migrate outside of the irradiated area and spread through over the embryonic brain, expressing ApoE and with activated morphology, for longer than 3 days after the irradiation. These findings suggest that l-plastin and ApoE can be the biomarkers of the activated microglia in the initial and later phase, respectively, in the medaka embryonic brain and that the abscopal and persisted activation of microglia by IR irradiation could be a cause of the abscopal and/or adverse effects following irradiation. MDPI 2017-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5535919/ /pubmed/28677658 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071428 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yasuda, Takako Kamahori, Miyuki Nagata, Kento Watanabe-Asaka, Tomomi Suzuki, Michiyo Funayama, Tomoo Mitani, Hiroshi Oda, Shoji Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam |
title | Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam |
title_full | Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam |
title_fullStr | Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam |
title_full_unstemmed | Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam |
title_short | Abscopal Activation of Microglia in Embryonic Fish Brain Following Targeted Irradiation with Heavy-Ion Microbeam |
title_sort | abscopal activation of microglia in embryonic fish brain following targeted irradiation with heavy-ion microbeam |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5535919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28677658 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071428 |
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