The Classification and Management Strategy of Spontaneous Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection

Spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (SISMAD) is an uncommon but potentially catastrophic pathology. Multiple classification schemes have been proposed for this occurrence. Although no consensus has emerged regarding which classification should be used, Li's classification scheme is more precise and complete compared to other classification systems and can be used to guide the treatment of SISMAD. Initial conservative treatment is promising, with favorable early and long-term outcomes for most patients; endovascular treatment is recommended for patients with persistent/recurrent symptoms after conservative treatment; surgical treatment should be performed without delay for patients with arterial rupture, intestinal necrosis, or failed endovascular treatment.