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Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease
Acute kidney injury causes significant morbidity and mortality in the community and clinic. Various pathologies, including renal and cardiovascular disease, traumatic injury/rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, and nephrotoxicity, that cause acute kidney injury (AKI), induce general or regional decreases in rena...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537833/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686196 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9070718 |
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author | Dennis, Joanne M. Witting, Paul K. |
author_facet | Dennis, Joanne M. Witting, Paul K. |
author_sort | Dennis, Joanne M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acute kidney injury causes significant morbidity and mortality in the community and clinic. Various pathologies, including renal and cardiovascular disease, traumatic injury/rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, and nephrotoxicity, that cause acute kidney injury (AKI), induce general or regional decreases in renal blood flow. The ensuing renal hypoxia and ischemia promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical anions, peroxides, and hydroxyl radicals, that can oxidatively damage biomolecules and membranes, and affect organelle function and induce renal tubule cell injury, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased oxidative damage, and various endogenous and synthetic antioxidants that mitigate source and derived oxidants are beneficial in cell-based and animal studies. However, the benefit of synthetic antioxidant supplementation in human acute kidney injury and renal disease remains to be realized. The endogenous low-molecular weight, non-proteinaceous antioxidant, ascorbate (vitamin C), is a promising therapeutic in human renal injury in critical illness and nephrotoxicity. Ascorbate may exert significant protection by reducing reactive oxygen species and renal oxidative damage via its antioxidant activity, and/or by its non-antioxidant functions in maintaining hydroxylase and monooxygenase enzymes, and endothelium and vascular function. Ascorbate supplementation may be particularly important in renal injury patients with low vitamin C status. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5537833 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-55378332017-08-04 Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease Dennis, Joanne M. Witting, Paul K. Nutrients Review Acute kidney injury causes significant morbidity and mortality in the community and clinic. Various pathologies, including renal and cardiovascular disease, traumatic injury/rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, and nephrotoxicity, that cause acute kidney injury (AKI), induce general or regional decreases in renal blood flow. The ensuing renal hypoxia and ischemia promotes the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radical anions, peroxides, and hydroxyl radicals, that can oxidatively damage biomolecules and membranes, and affect organelle function and induce renal tubule cell injury, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased oxidative damage, and various endogenous and synthetic antioxidants that mitigate source and derived oxidants are beneficial in cell-based and animal studies. However, the benefit of synthetic antioxidant supplementation in human acute kidney injury and renal disease remains to be realized. The endogenous low-molecular weight, non-proteinaceous antioxidant, ascorbate (vitamin C), is a promising therapeutic in human renal injury in critical illness and nephrotoxicity. Ascorbate may exert significant protection by reducing reactive oxygen species and renal oxidative damage via its antioxidant activity, and/or by its non-antioxidant functions in maintaining hydroxylase and monooxygenase enzymes, and endothelium and vascular function. Ascorbate supplementation may be particularly important in renal injury patients with low vitamin C status. MDPI 2017-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5537833/ /pubmed/28686196 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9070718 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Dennis, Joanne M. Witting, Paul K. Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease |
title | Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease |
title_full | Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease |
title_fullStr | Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease |
title_short | Protective Role for Antioxidants in Acute Kidney Disease |
title_sort | protective role for antioxidants in acute kidney disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537833/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28686196 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9070718 |
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